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Sunday, December 2, 2012

Re: [chottala.com] Sheikh Mujib's Unfinished Memoirs




This is why we are dancing with Zia's name and rewarded him as SHAHID, those we call  ZIA a shahid, I am sure they do not know the meaning of the word. Nobody can deny the fact that Zia had killed so many innocent army officer and in return he had also been killed, so how, Zia should be called a "SHAHID " how funny  ????

This is Shame for us all. The so called Leader i.e Zia's followers is no better than the killer ZIA. In the name of politics they are doing a big business.
So, find way to come out. If we jointly try, we can bring about a change.
This is the time for do or die.


Z.A





****************

On Sun, Dec 2, 2012 at 4:36 AM, Debasish Barua <gorba196138@yahoo.com> wrote:
 

In the name of ISLAM..Zia committed many acts that will make many think as moslems are thought of in many quarters..as Terrorist..his successors not any different ruth less..and that is how the moslems are

Story has it ZIA hanged Khaled Musharaff by his own hand could not find any one to do it..

People that ended Zia era..as Zia is considered Shahid..it is that fervor to die for well people that had him disposed are as religious as any other as far as i know..of..Manjoor was also trained in..SARGODA..Pakistan..

He also disposed of Col tahir and disabled Freedom fighter..

He also had Major Jalil in Jail for many years..another freedom fighter..

Many that came to know him and his allies left eventually that including many of his political allies..

one that stood beside him is the AGA KHANI


From: Mir Khan <mir786111@yahoo.com>
To: chottala@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Saturday, December 1, 2012 11:05 AM
Subject: Re: [chottala.com] Sheikh Mujib's Unfinished Memoirs

 
Correction;I meant Ziaur Rahman fought 1965 War against India.Not 1995.

--- On Thu, 11/29/12, Mir Khan <mir786111@yahoo.com> wrote:

From: Mir Khan <mir786111@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [chottala.com] Sheikh Mujib's Unfinished Memoirs
To: chottala@yahoogroups.com
Date: Thursday, November 29, 2012, 7:50 AM

 
To All.

We all have defeated mentality as Muslim.Muslim World still under colonial rule and ruled by puppets and agents.Who ever wants to break that rules vanishes from the earth.Zia of Bangladesh was an independent minded and was a good Muslim.He fought against Indian Army in 1995.He was an officer who was courageous enough to command his troops not staying behind but stay ahead of the troops towards enemy front line.
So was the situation during 1971.I was about 16 years old and was the supporter of united Pakistan.Still at our village we were collecting materials for democratic alliance forces to fight against Pakistani Army due to the leadership vaccuam in East pakistan.During those chaotic situation a simple Army Major Ziaur Rahman declared "We revolt".He was no Agent of India.Where as Many pro independence people including Mujibur Rahman confessed that they were the Agent of India since 1948 to break Pakistan.So on their own confession they should be tried and prosecuted as traitor.Those descendent of Traitors now demands that Bangladesh is their own personal property .Zia was a Patriot and was a Good Muslim with good Iman(believe).He was a Myrtyr(Shaheed).He was also Gazi.Unfortunately his immediate family and his political party BNP are not following Zia's legacy of patriotism and honesty.
Jamati's are opportunists but at present time if they opt to resistance against oppressors I shall feel optimist for a change towards good.
Peace to All.
Regards,
Mir Dost Mohammad Khan
(Founding Ge.Secy.of JCD,Ctg.City)
A Denver resident,USA

--- On Tue, 11/27/12, fameelectronics <fameelectronics@gmail.com> wrote:

From: fameelectronics <fameelectronics@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [chottala.com] Sheikh Mujib's Unfinished Memoirs
To: chottala@yahoogroups.com
Date: Tuesday, November 27, 2012, 11:27 PM

 


Who will answer to all these ????

On one side, Zia's followers call him the PRO CLAIMER OF INDEPENDENCE  but on the otherside Pakistanis call him a true  MUSLEM  ...what for, is it for Proclamation  ??? who will answer.

The true is that Zia had no capacity /position to declare the INDEPENDENCE OF A COUNTRY.
AND one should  understand the truth. Those who goes for controversy regarding proclamation of independence, should know who can & can not, under what capacity one can proclaim....

We all know it well but do not admit  & agree with the fact.

This is shame for our nation and our leaders.

Z.A.

****************

On Wed, Nov 28, 2012 at 1:00 AM, Debasish Barua <gorba196138@yahoo.com> wrote:
 

It is interesting Pakistanis find Zia to be great MOSLEM and AL some one who separated a Moslem Country..Well Zia fans cannot have it both way as it is claimed ZIA's Legacy is claim to fame of DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF BANGLADESH..well was that not separating Pakistan by a so called MOSLEM..
Well no wonder Zia, Subhash Bose speech are similar and written by a Pak army man ..tied to a Jew..

From: Isha Khan <bdmailer@gmail.com>
To:
Sent: Tuesday, November 27, 2012 12:37 AM
Subject: [chottala.com] Sheikh Mujib's Unfinished Memoirs

 
Sheikh Mujib's Unfinished Memoirs



Hamid Mir

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is a villain for many Pakistanis. One sided history books tell us that Mujib was a traitor who broke Pakistan with the help of India. We read in our history books that All India Muslim League was formed in Dhaka in 1906 but, we don't know why the Pakistan Army surrendered to Indian Army on December 16, 1971, in Dhaka?

We tried to cover the black spots of our history with lies but the The Unfinished Memoirs of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman have negated all the official history books taught in our schools and colleges.

This autobiography reveals that the traitor Mujib was actually an active worker of Pakistan movement since his school days. He wrote the truth about himself in his memoirs. He never hid his role for the creation of Muslim League in his hometown Gopalganj in 1939.

He even accepted that at one point the Bengali leader Fazlul Haq refused to submit to the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1941. At this stage the Muslim League started a campaign against Fazlul Haq and Mujib was part of that campaign. He was with Jinnah, not with Fazlul Haq. He was among those young workers of the Muslim League who used to sell a Pro-Pakistan weekly newspaper Millat on the streets of Dhaka.

It is important to note that he wrote this book when he was imprisoned in Dhaka jail during a dictatorial regime under General Ayub Khan. He narrated some important events of the Pakistan movement very honestly. He also exposed the dishonesty of Viceroy Lord Mountbatten, whom, he wrote, was helping the congress party covertly in all sorts of ways against the Muslim League.

He was in the jail of a military dictator at that time but he never tried to please the Congress which was ruling India in those days.

This book is a first-hand account of politics in Pakistan from 1947 to 1955 which was full of intrigues and conspiracies. I think this book is a great source of history for the young generation of Pakistan. It tells us about the communal violence that broke out after the division of India in 1947. One day Sheikh Mujibur Rahman saw that hundreds of Hindus were attacking a Mosque. He cried out â€Å"Pakistan Zindabad� with some other young Muslims and started resisting the Hindu mob by throwing bricks.

Why then did this soldier of Muslim League leave the party of Muhammad Ali Jinnah immediately after the creation of Pakistan?

Young Sheikh Mujib was very disappointed when the then prime minister of Pakistan declared in the legislative assembly that people of East Pakistan must accept Urdu as their State language. Young Mujib came out on roads on March 11, 1948, against this declaration.

He was not opposing Pakistan. He was only defending his language which was his political right but he was arrested. Mujib was released on January 21, 1949. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was no more and Mujib left the Muslim League.

He joined the newly formed Awami Muslim League under the leadership of Hussain Shaheed Suharwardy. Within five years Awami League swept Muslim League from East Pakistan and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman won the election from Gopalganj in 1954, taking oath as the provincial minister for Agriculture.

The Muslim League government in centre never accepted its defeat and dismissed the United Front Government in Dhaka. Sheikh Mujib was again arrested.

His memoirs are unfinished but we must accept some historical realities as the ultimate truth in our own interest.

I will not quote any Bangladeshi or Indian writer to point out some historical realities. I will quote only Pakistani writers. When Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested in 1954, Army Chief General Ayub Khan was preparing his officers for a military coup. The first Chief of General Staff of Pakistan Army Sher Ali Patudi wrote in his autobiography that Ayub wanted to interfere in politics and had once stated to him: â€Å"The bloody politicians and civilians were useless, corrupt and inefficient.�

Legislative assembly asked GHQ to increase the recruitment of Bengalis in army. Patoudi tried to implement the orders of assembly but Ayub was not interested. When Mujib was writing his memoirs in jail, the former Chief Justice of Pakistan Muhammad Munir was the law minister of the Ayub regime.

He wrote a book From Jinnah to Zia in 1979 claiming that Ayub Khan had suggested that he should talk about separation with some influential Bengali leader. One day the Law Minister Munir spoke to a Bengali Minister Ramizudin. His reply was prompt and straight. He asked me whether I was suggesting secession. I said yes or something like confederation or more autonomy. Ramizudin said: â€Å"Look here we are the majority province, and it is for the minority province to secede because we are Pakistan.�

Why did Ayub dislike Bengalis? Because Bengalis supported Fatima Jinnah against Ayub in the presidential election in early 1965. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the chief polling agent of Fatima Jinnah in Dhaka.

The fact is that it was not Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who wanted to break Pakistan. He only demanded provincial autonomy in 50s and 60s, but our military regime tried to silence his voice by throwing him in jail. He never abandoned the political struggle and participated in the first general elections of Pakistan in 1970. Awami League emerged as a majority party but the military regime of General Yahya Khan refused the transfer of power to Awami League. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested and a military operation was started.

What happened in this operation? I will quote only few lines from the book A Stranger in My own Country by Major General(R) Khadim Hussain Raja who served in Dhaka between 1969 and 1971. He wrote that on March 10, 1971, Lieutenant General Niazi spoke to senior officers in operations room of Dhaka.

Niazi became abusive and started talking in Urdu. He said: â€Å"Main iss haramzadi qaum ki nasal badal donga. Yeh mujhey kia samajhtey hain?� He threatened that he would let his soldiers loose on their womenfolk. The next morning a Bengali officer Major Mushtaq went into the bathroom at the command headquarter and shot himself in the head.

I can quote more books by other Pakistani writers who accepted that our soldiers not only massacred Bengali Muslims in big number, but they also followed the orders of General Niazi and raped women. I will stop here.

I just want to say that the Unfinished Memoirs of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is the historical evidence that Bengalis never broke Pakistan but they actually created Pakistan.

In fact political intrigues and blunders of military dictators broke Pakistan. We forced Bengalis to take arms in their hands to defend their women. It's time now to apologise officially from people of Bangladesh.

Remember that only brave people accept their mistakes. It's time to show some bravery by accepting our mistakes and apologising to Bangladeshis. Our apology will not weaken Pakistan but will strengthen Pakistan.

The writer is Executive Editor, Geo TV Pakistan. He read this paper in the launching ceremony of The Unfinished Memoirs held in Islamabad, November 21.

http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=258887








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[chottala.com] Re: বৌদ্ধ ভিক্ষু এবং বৌদ্ধধর্মপ্রচারক অতীশ দীপঙ্কর : Remembering Atish Dipankar Srigana

As You mention of ATISH DIPANKAR..in Tibet..it is strange all Chinese Govt & The Buddhist Head you mention no one has People of TIBET in the middle..why are they not gung ho about ATISH issue and missing in any of these commemorations..I think Zia found him to be another one of his GAY Allied Toys..he commanded that kind of loyalty from his subordinate..

To be candid..Bishuddhanada side is everything wrong in this current time..they let me put it this way are responsible with Military for everything happening in Bangladesh in present day..they for all practical purpose are tied to TERROIST..backed by some segment of military and Maoist Chinese

Debasish




From: SyedAslam <syed.aslam3@gmail.com>
To: chottala@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, December 2, 2012 6:09 PM
Subject: বৌদ্ধ ভিক্ষু এবং বৌদ্ধধর্মপ্রচারক অতীশ দীপঙ্কর : Remembering Atish Dipankar Srigana

Remembering Atish Dipankar Srigana

The DailyStar / OP-ED : 23/06/2012
Mahbubur Rahman

Thirty four years ago on June 23, the sacred ashes of the mortal remains of ever immortal Atish Dipankar Srigana were handed over by China to Bangladesh. Atish, the name given by Tibetans more than a thousand years ago, means great scholar, and man of supreme knowledge and wisdom. Atish Dipankar was indeed the loftiest preacher of love and happiness, purity and peace, kindness and humility, benevolence and humanity. People believed Atish to be Lord Buddha incarnated. He was most revered, most respected in the whole of South Asia, Southeast Asia and China, nay the whole of Asia.
We are proud that Atish was the son of our soil, a son of Bengal. He was born in 980 at Bojrojigini of Bikrampur, very near to Dhaka. Though he was a prince of a royal family he, in pursuit of knowledge and religious wisdom, left home and accepted monkhood. He travelled to all the big religious universities (Bihars) of the region and as far as Subarana Dwip of Malaya and Indonesia. He went to Sri Lanka and Nepal. He was the greatest scholar of Buddhism of the time. It was then the golden period of Pala dynasty of Bengal and Pala king Mohipala the First, made him the Chancellor of the greatest university, Mohabihar of Vickramshila. From there, on repeated invitations from Tibet Lama Chang Chub, he went to Tibet.
He preached Buddhism and brought purity and morality to the Tibetan society. He was taken as a symbol of God. The successive Lamas of Tibet claimed themselves the disciples and descendents of Dipankar. He earned the hearts and souls of the Tibetan people. He sacrificed everything for them. He wrote, translated, and compiled more than 200 books in Tibetan language. His Sanskrit and Bengali writings are no more available, but his writings in Tibetan language are still well preserved. He lived 13 long years in Tibet and at the age of 73 died at a village named Lethan near Lhasa in 1052.
Dr. Dinesh Chandra Sen, Professor in Calcutta University and renowned historian and writer, wrote about Atish Dipankar: "Here is a Bengali from East Bengal who at that time earned fame and eminence beyond imagination. He was unparalleled in knowledge and wisdom and their practice and communication. The king of Nepal became his obedient disciple. The prince, at the behest of the king, took up monkhood and became his all-time companion. The ruler of Tibet sent his envoys to bring him to Tibet. The king of Shubarna Dwip (Java and Sumatra) used to write him letters seeking solutions and advice on complicated religious and social issues. King Naipal, the ruler of Gourha, was in regular communication with him through letters. Atish Dipankar was the most respected and revered person by all the kings, princes, rulers and emperors of Asia. Even the mighty Chinese emperor used to stand up and pay respect at the very mention of his name."
As we remember Atish today and pay homage to him, we also remember and pay our respect to the great ancient friendship bridge builders of China and Bangladesh. We pay respect to Fa Xien (Fa Hien), Xuang Zang (Huen Shang). We also recall the greatest voyager of the time Admiral Zhang He who all traveled to Bangladesh in ancient times and contributed significantly to strengthen the ties of relationship of the two countries and two peoples.
On June10, 1978, a 6-member delegation headed by Mr. Asafoddowla, DG Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy, was sent by General Zia to China to receive the holy relics of Atish. On January16, 1978, after performing all the religious rites, the holy relics were handed over to Veneral Vishuddha Nanda Mahathero who represented the Buddhist community of Bangladesh in the ceremony. The head of the Buddhist community of China, Veneral Chao Puchow, said that the transfer of the holy relics of a great scholar to another scholar would further cement the traditional bonds of friendship between the two countries.
On June 23, 1978, Sangbad reported that, while opening the casket of the holy relics Dr. Syed Ali Ahsan, the then minister of culture, said that in the realm of knowledge, vision and wisdom, Atish will be remembered throughout the whole world and for all the ages to come.
Atish is a symbol of Sino-Bangla relations. The example that Bengal-born Atish set in dedication to the service of the Chinese people will be ever remembered. The spirit of Atish like the waters of our common river the Brahmaputra and the Yarlong Zangpo will flow incessantly from eternity to eternity and so will the friendship of our two countries.
The writer is a former Chief of Army Staff.

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Re: [chottala.com] Seeing Bangladesh in a Positive Light



You can't change the suffering of the people of Bangladesh by changing images.
 
The country iks being sold to India.
The positive force are the Islamic people and they have been put in prison.
 
Letting a non-Muslim speak fancy talk will not change anything.

On Sun, Dec 2, 2012 at 10:50 AM, Muhammed Kabir <makjasir@yahoo.com> wrote:
 

Dear Fellow Bangladeshi:
Please watch the link to Seeing Bangladesh in a Positive Light. If you like it, please pass it to your network.
Good luck.
Md. Anisul Kabir Jasir
CEO
NRB Business Network
New York
212 470 2477


Secretary and UN Rep.
Dhaka Ahsania Mission USA
Joint Secretary
Bangladeshi American Public Affairs Front (BAPAF)
 
Confidentiality: This e-mail transmission, and any attached documents, or previous e-mail messages attached to it, may contain confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, or received in error, please immediately notify by reply e-mail at makjasir@yahoo.com, and destroy the original transmission and its attachments.  Sorry for any inconvenience and thank you for your cooperation.

From: Abu Rumi <abu_rumi@hotmail.com>
To: Abu Rumi <abu_rumi@hotmail.com>
Sent: Tuesday, August 21, 2012 11:59 PM
Subject: [chottala.com] First Baul mela jointly by Friends and Families and Bangladesh Embassy

 
Dear Bangladeshi Friends And Families,
 
This is an invitation to all of you to become a part of the first Baul Mela in the metro Washington DC area. As you all know Friends and Families have been serving the local Bangladeshi community for years, this is the time to bring out a new flavor in the Bangladeshi musical segment. Baul mela will be introduced on October 13th, 2012 Saturday in Washington DC at the Monument ground. This show will be arranged by FRIENDS and FAMILIES and BANGLADESH EMBASSY jointly. The Baul Mela will include performaces by local and international artists from Bangladesh. In addition to the performances by Baul singers, the American country music performances will take place on the same stage by local country talents at the same time. The Baul Mela will be broadcasted live on NTV which is our media partner. Therefore, please come and join us to enjoy the first Baul Mela and our expectation will be higher in the sense of getting full support from the audience. We highly appreciate your coopearation to witness the folk festival Baul Mela. As we reach closer to the event date, we will keep you updated with every useful information.
 
On bhalf of Friends and Families
            Abu Rumi
 
 Contact: 703-861-1606

 





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[chottala.com] বৌদ্ধ ভিক্ষু এবং বৌদ্ধধর্মপ্রচারক অতীশ দীপঙ্কর : Remembering Atish Dipankar Srigana



Remembering Atish Dipankar Srigana

The DailyStar / OP-ED : 23/06/2012

Mahbubur Rahman

Thirty four years ago on June 23, the sacred ashes of the mortal remains of ever immortal Atish Dipankar Srigana were handed over by China to Bangladesh. Atish, the name given by Tibetans more than a thousand years ago, means great scholar, and man of supreme knowledge and wisdom. Atish Dipankar was indeed the loftiest preacher of love and happiness, purity and peace, kindness and humility, benevolence and humanity. People believed Atish to be Lord Buddha incarnated. He was most revered, most respected in the whole of South Asia, Southeast Asia and China, nay the whole of Asia.

We are proud that Atish was the son of our soil, a son of Bengal. He was born in 980 at Bojrojigini of Bikrampur, very near to Dhaka. Though he was a prince of a royal family he, in pursuit of knowledge and religious wisdom, left home and accepted monkhood. He travelled to all the big religious universities (Bihars) of the region and as far as Subarana Dwip of Malaya and Indonesia. He went to Sri Lanka and Nepal. He was the greatest scholar of Buddhism of the time. It was then the golden period of Pala dynasty of Bengal and Pala king Mohipala the First, made him the Chancellor of the greatest university, Mohabihar of Vickramshila. From there, on repeated invitations from Tibet Lama Chang Chub, he went to Tibet.

He preached Buddhism and brought purity and morality to the Tibetan society. He was taken as a symbol of God. The successive Lamas of Tibet claimed themselves the disciples and descendents of Dipankar. He earned the hearts and souls of the Tibetan people. He sacrificed everything for them. He wrote, translated, and compiled more than 200 books in Tibetan language. His Sanskrit and Bengali writings are no more available, but his writings in Tibetan language are still well preserved. He lived 13 long years in Tibet and at the age of 73 died at a village named Lethan near Lhasa in 1052.

Dr. Dinesh Chandra Sen, Professor in Calcutta University and renowned historian and writer, wrote about Atish Dipankar: "Here is a Bengali from East Bengal who at that time earned fame and eminence beyond imagination. He was unparalleled in knowledge and wisdom and their practice and communication. The king of Nepal became his obedient disciple. The prince, at the behest of the king, took up monkhood and became his all-time companion. The ruler of Tibet sent his envoys to bring him to Tibet. The king of Shubarna Dwip (Java and Sumatra) used to write him letters seeking solutions and advice on complicated religious and social issues. King Naipal, the ruler of Gourha, was in regular communication with him through letters. Atish Dipankar was the most respected and revered person by all the kings, princes, rulers and emperors of Asia. Even the mighty Chinese emperor used to stand up and pay respect at the very mention of his name."

As we remember Atish today and pay homage to him, we also remember and pay our respect to the great ancient friendship bridge builders of China and Bangladesh. We pay respect to Fa Xien (Fa Hien), Xuang Zang (Huen Shang). We also recall the greatest voyager of the time Admiral Zhang He who all traveled to Bangladesh in ancient times and contributed significantly to strengthen the ties of relationship of the two countries and two peoples.

On June10, 1978, a 6-member delegation headed by Mr. Asafoddowla, DG Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy, was sent by General Zia to China to receive the holy relics of Atish. On January16, 1978, after performing all the religious rites, the holy relics were handed over to Veneral Vishuddha Nanda Mahathero who represented the Buddhist community of Bangladesh in the ceremony. The head of the Buddhist community of China, Veneral Chao Puchow, said that the transfer of the holy relics of a great scholar to another scholar would further cement the traditional bonds of friendship between the two countries.

On June 23, 1978, Sangbad reported that, while opening the casket of the holy relics Dr. Syed Ali Ahsan, the then minister of culture, said that in the realm of knowledge, vision and wisdom, Atish will be remembered throughout the whole world and for all the ages to come.

Atish is a symbol of Sino-Bangla relations. The example that Bengal-born Atish set in dedication to the service of the Chinese people will be ever remembered. The spirit of Atish like the waters of our common river the Brahmaputra and the Yarlong Zangpo will flow incessantly from eternity to eternity and so will the friendship of our two countries.

The writer is a former Chief of Army Staff.

http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=239337

http://www.bangladeshnews24.com/thedailystar/2012/06/23/remembering-atish-dipankar-srigana-4595.htm


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    অতীশ দীপঙ্কর ৯৮২ সালে মুন্সিগঞ্জ জেলায় বজ্রযোগিনী গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন । তিনি উনিশ বছর বয়সে দণ্ডপুরীর মহাসঙ্ঘি কাচার্য শীল রক্ষিতের কাছে বৌদ্ধ ধর্মে দীক্ষিত হন। ১০১১ সালে তিনি সুবর্ণ দ্বীপে গমন করেন এবং বারো বছর বৌদ্ধ ধর্ম সম্বন্ধে গবেষনা করেন। এর পর তিনি দেশে প্রত্যার্বতন করেন।

    প্রাচীন বাঙলার শ্রীজ্ঞান অতীশ দীপঙ্কর




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Re: [chottala.com] Pali language in Bangladesh .. [some historical background]



I o not deny the names you mention and their contribution..I find my self in a Hugh mess over publication of collection of work by Dharmadhar Bhante. Whom I have met. This at Faujdarhut Cadet College..Guess who had interest in the book..Poet Jasimuddin and his son in law..Moudud Ahmed..an senior to me at Cadet college lest put it this way to put it mildly was killed over it...he and another class mate of mine also name Sayeed where negotiating with Poet jasimuddin and his son in law..after all it is Moudud and Zeng Zao Min..

You mention of Atish Dipankar the scholar that went to Tibet and whose remains were handed to Chinese backed Bangladesh Buddhist..that is Bishuddhanada side of Dhaka Kamalapur..

Some where I also can inference from Dalai Lama folks back then..or even may be before that a Monk went to Sri lanka..from India..I think that is the side I am interested mostly of..as our side temple in Chittagong posses in display case a sample of HAIR..that is known to be of Buddha himself..that in some way establish..what I call a Chain of custody..of relations ship..with Buddha..

You mention of BENI MADHAV..well you will find him I think allied with our side..though Chinese meddle thru Chinoo Mutsuddi...search the web...under ANITESH BARUA in USA he is decedent of Beni Madhav Barua..

Their is an issue of money borrowed by my mothers mother after the death of her husband that is Dinesh Chandra..Story has it they in lieu of $500 Taka borrowed held a mortgage deed on a land couple owned..and it apparently stipulated interest rate and so loved by Jews..they in exchange obtained the right to litigate the death of Dinesh Chadra..that is what it is limited too..they have farmed that land and consumed the crop that produced..in some way that agreement was so lop sided, in some ways they took advantage of the situation..well even at that it must have felt good at least then to have some one that decided to come to aid the family..

Well round about way some that contributed to his death pitched some of the money..well that is what the agreement is limited too.. it is kind of funding litigation financing..this does not include any other death death except of Dinesh Chadras death..no tie to his Oil inheritance or so..except for..one of the three plots of Land Dinesh Chadra..that land is not where the OIL inheritance issue of Dinesh Chandra is..

I think that is in hill Tracts..land mortgaged is Chittagong Pahartali..temple adjacent..small hills..

Debasish Barua




Saturday, December 1, 2012 10:03 PM
Subject: [chottala.com] Pali language in Bangladesh .. [some historical background]

 
Mr. Debasish Barua

FYI, 

Both PALI and SANKSKRIT are Indo-Aryan or Indic languages, 
and by themselves are branches of  indo-European language family....

Pali belongs to the Prakit group, derived from dialect of Old Indo-Aryan
languages...Prakrti means common people and therefore the language used
by them was called Prakrta .... Bangla and other modern eastern Indian 
languages developed from Magadhi Prakrit. 

Secular Prakrit literature reflected the lives of ordinary people. 

Pali language and literature gradually developed from 600 BC to 500 AD. 
Gautam Buddha travelled widely across northern India, spreading his
message of non-violence and love and drawing converts to his religious 
ideals. The language the Buddha chose for his sermons was not SNASKRIT
the language of the Brahmins, but the common language of the ordinary 
person: Pali or PRAKIT.

Pali does not have a script of its own, but adopts the script of the region. 
Thus in Bengal Pali is written in BANGLA SCRIPT.

Buddhists in Bengal learn Pali as a religious language. At present Pali language
and literature are taught at Buddhist institutions as well as at colleges and 
universities in Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh the study of Pali language and literature started primarily to 
meet religious needs. 

Initially, scholars did not feel the necessity of translating the Tripitaka into 
Bangla. Religious scholars, researchers and readers from home and abroad 
learned to study Pali in Devanagari and Roman letters. Subsequently, the 
study of the Tripitaka in Pali, using Bangla letters, started and is still 
continuing.

Acharya Chandramohan substantially contributed to Pali education in 
Bengal by establishing the first Pali tol (school) at Mahamuni under 
Pahartali in Chittagong in 1885 with the financial support of  Zamindar 
Haragovinda Mutsuddi. 

The second Pali tol was established at the same place in 1902 by the
efforts of Sarananda, a Buddhist monk from Sri Lanka. Later on tols were 
started in villages such as Rajanagar, Satbaria, Mirzapur, and Unainpur. In 
1908 arrangements were made to teach Pali at Chittagong Collegiate 
School, and Dharmabangshs Mahasthavir ('Aggamahapandit') was 
appointed to teach.  Gradually opportunities were created to study Pali at 
the major schools of Chittagong. 

Thus, some more Pali tols were established in Chittagong during the first 
two decades of the 20th century. 

Pali was also introduced at the college level, and three colleges were 
given permission to teach Pali: PRESIDENVY COLLEGE and Vidyasagar 
College in Kolkata and CHITTAGONG COLLEGE. The scholars who 
taught at these colleges included Mahamahopadhyay Satish Chandra 
Vidyabhushan, Amulyacharan Ghosh, Nirad Ranjan Mutsuddi, 
Prankrishna Bhikkhu and Dharmavangsha Mahasthavir.

In 1899 a Pali department was opened at the UNIVERSITY OF 
CALCUTTA. Sir Asutosh Mookerjee pioneered the study of Pali in Kolkata. 
Pali Studies started at the University of Calcutta under his initiative.....

The study of Pali and the Tripitaka also developed in other 
educational institutions of Bengal and India. During this period 
Benimadhab Barua, Nalinaksha Dutta, Shailendranath Mitra, Bhagawan 
Chandra Mahasthavir, Anukul Chandra Bandyopadhyay, Prabhash Chandra 
Majumdar, Sukumar Sengupta, Kanailal Hazra, Shyamsundar 
Bandyopadhyay and Dharmadhar Mahasthavir taught Pali at Calcutta 
University. Some of them also translated Pali texts into Bangla. The study 
of Pali was also introduced in the UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA (1921), 
UNIVERSITY OF RAJSHAHI (1955) and UNIVERSITY OF 
CHITTAGONG (1968).

[Source: Internet]

Sent by: Syed Aslam

On Sat, Dec 1, 2012 at 12:44 PM, Debasish Barua <gorba196138@yahoo.com> wrote:
 
Now this is soar subject..Buddhist Text are in PALI...not SANKSKRIT..their is dispute with Bengali Scholars..where Language of Bangla origins from, well one school of thought says it was SANSKRIT other say it was PALI..the school founded by NAZIR KRISHNA in our rural home town is named MOHAMUNI ANGLO PALI HIGH SCHOOL..
Among the PALI side was Shere Bangla Abul Kasem Fazlul Haque..he was termed so even though Shere is Urdu term..I think in Bengali it goes like this BANGLAR BAAG..

He played instrumental role in marriage of my parents..he as student leader knew an who was Chittagong university Pali Professor..Babu Ranadhir Barua..it is him influenced my father to go ahead with the wedding plan with my mother despite all the issue on the way of wedding..

Well that is one Pali Professor..the other side was MOHIM Babu..assume promod babu who were allied with Brandies..of US Supreme court..thus Louis I Kahn..and others..


From: Debasish Barua <gorba196138@yahoo.com>
To: "chottala@yahoogroups.com" <chottala@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Saturday, December 1, 2012 8:07 AM
Subject: Re: [chottala.com] Re: Famous Scientist -

Mr Aslam 

Do bring up interesting issue of ASIATIC Society in England...Many things have changed in England as i get hint British them selves are caught in between left and right..well in England their are infact three major parties..TORIES, LABOR and LIBERAL on top if they ruled Hong Kong for 200 yr thus many Chinese their..well they also have Dalai Lama people too..may not believe all political parties are influenced...by DEBORE the Diamond Merchant & Total Petroleum and Wealthy Communist..then their is EU issue.. 

England also has many racial issue to ethnicity to religious issue..in many ways would assume some where some leaders of British some how remained sane..it is indicative in investigate some prominent English that converted to ISLAM..well lets say Musician Cat Steven..if one read the narration how then Royals .. designated English and Hindus to protect them from being harmed as many did not like..one of them was tied to METHODIST CHURCH..

Well as you mention In England their is one of the best collection of BUDDHIST STUDIES too..I guess then you throw in all the Barristers..and Doctors..it is as big of a melting pot as US is.. well their is part of my problem the battle of inheritance I am in some moved to England..

It is them and Salauddin Kader and French and Jews..& some of the scientist you mentioned of go thru Fazle Kadr archive..they hoped for 50/50 split in an oil inheritance..and carved out a stance with that view..to find who ever designated it changed it to..100 for me as Prince Charles with lord Mt Batten Powell was involved in the mess..

To be honest both side of Bangladesh war..in Hill tracts were funded by Chinese arms

Debasish Barua


From: SyedAslam <Syed.Aslam3@gmail.com>
To: chottala@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Friday, November 30, 2012 5:50 PM
Subject: [chottala.com] Re: Famous Scientist -

 
Mr. Debasish Barua

How do you know Oppenheimer looked like your  GUNOMEJU ????
[ You said "Here it is how he looked like." On the top of Oppenheimer's picture in your post… ????
 
You put A.D. with out of context…. In reality A.D. means Anno Domini (AD or A.D.) is a designation used to label or number years after the death of Jesus Christ in Julian and Gregorian calendars.
 
The study of Sanskrit in the in the Western world began in the 17th century. In 1786 Sir William Jones (British Scholar) had founded The Asiatic Society He noted similarities between Sanskrit, Ancient Greek and Latin—an event which is often cited as the beginning of comparative linguistic, Indi-European studies, and Sanskrit philology. In 1789 Jones published a translation of  Kalidasa's The Recognition of Skuntala. 

J. Robert Oppenheimer in 1933 met the Indologist Arthur W. Ryder at University of California, Berkeley and learned Sanskrit. 
Oppenheimer read the Bhagavad Gita in the original language. Later he 
cited it as one of the most influential books to shape his philosophy of life, 
and his quotation from the Bhagavad Gita "Now, I am become Death, the 
destroyer of worlds." in reference to the Trinity Test (Manhattan Project) is 
well-known.....!
 
Obviously, you are confused with various types of Radiations.
Specially, when you said "one of the side effect of radiation is sleepy ness. " 
You said: I think he is the only one that as part of research IDENTIFIED HOW AND MANY CIRCUMSTANCES WHEN RADIATION TAKES EFFECT>>THAT includes STRONG SMELL..STATIC ELECTRICITY..VIBRATION their is few more mention of things like this........................one of the side effect of radiation is sleepy ness.."

X-rays/Gamma-rays are not ordinary radiation …. These rays are very
High Frequency electromagnetic radiations (Gamma rays typically have frequencies above 10 exahertz (or >1019 Hz)). Gamma-rays are ionizing radiations, highly penitrating and severely damages biological cells ..... 
cell's DNA damage, cell death due to damaged DNA, increasing incidence of 
cancer) rather than burns, not just sleepyness as you say ......

High frequency Gamma-rays are produced, mainly by the disintegration 
of Radioactive atoms ….. The Nuclear chain reaction, that forms the basis 
of Atomic Bombs was first hypothesized  by Hungarian scientist  Leo 
Szilard … but he did not propose fission as the mechanism for his chain 
reaction, since the fission reaction was not yet discovered or even 
suspected. After Nuclear Fission  was discovered by others in 1938, 
Szilárd and EnricoFermi in 1939 searched for, and discovered, neutron 
multiplication in uranium, proving that a nuclear chain reaction by this 
mechanism was indeed possible. This discovery prompted the US 
initiative to emphasize nuclear research with the apprehension that Nazi 
Germany might be attempting to build an atomic bomb….

Your statement  "Back to AMAR Bose he is actually AMAR PALI..the man responsible for managing investments of SUBHASH BOSE and allies..among it is many apartments..one of which is DAL HOUSY SQUARE where my father used to stay with his aunt..  "  ….. is out and out Bullshit ….. !!!!!

Amar Gopal Bose (অমর গোপাল বসু ; born November 2, 1929) is an American by birth, of Bengali ancestry .  He was only 13 years old and just entered the Abington Senior High School in Abington, Pennsylvania,, when SUBHASH  BOSE formed  his first Azad Hind Fauj (INA) in 1942......

Thanks for patience ...

Syed Aslam

FYI, Oppenheimer enrolled at Harvard, where he took an intense
program that ranged from math and sciences to philosophy and
Eastern religions and French and English literature. Among the
sciences, he preferred chemistry because it  "starts right at the heart
of things." He was granted advanced standing to work with experimental
physicist Percy Bridgeman. Oppenheimer graduated summa cum laude
with an Bachelor of Arts (A.B) degree from Harvard. Later, he studied
with Max Born at the University of Cöttingen in Germany, from which
he received his doctoral degree (1927). Before comming to Cöttingen, he
did some graduate research at the Cambridge University, U.K.


On Fri, Nov 30, 2012 at 1:59 PM, Debasish Barua <gorba196138@yahoo.com> wrote:
Yes 

Notice the Foot Note in my email. It is stated as A.D. usually that means after death. Now if you go thru names and many that was involved you will find..who else that other nasty name PHILLIPS..as i have claimed it all starts with Discovery of GAMA Ray..
Inaddition among many things of GUNOMEJUS patent claim..is as known as a medicine man...among his other discoveries is TEA BAG (Sri Lanka is Tea Producing Country..in addition Bhutto was married to lady from guess where ISPAHANI the TEA MOGULs..) they sure do know..who the developer of TEA BAG thus the royalty to many thing..
Last but not least..their is this medicine sold thru..retail out lets..its name is NO DOZ..this medicine keeps you up at a minimum for few days..you will not feel tired..one of the side effect of radiation is sleepy ness..well that is part of the issue of GUNOMEJUS origin of research..

I think he is the only one that as part of research IDENTIFIED HOW AND MANY CIRCUMSTANCES WHEN RADIATION TAKES EFFECT>>THAT includes STRONG SMELL..STATIC ELECTRICITY..VIBRATION their is few more mention of things like this..

Conduct patent search of NO DOZ you will come across GUNOMEJUS name and his now Bangladesh Address..you might have to go thru patent application..may not believe this much popular energy drinks are inspired by NO DOZ..only thing is NO DOZ after a day or two use will make your eye lids some discomfort..

One of the thing is..all others interested in Patent over looked his this discovery..they were after the much coveted discovery..

In addition about AMAR BOSE of BOSE RADIO..he is no one else but one of the lead follower of SUBASH BOSE...I have mentioned of DINESH CHANDRA..do you know why he was killed part due to..that is my mothers fathers, father..( he looked like ZENG ZAO MINH of CHINA A.D.).

From what I understand in those days..when he still was in Burma..US approached DINESH CHANDRA as he was British Postal service employee .in Burma thru British to investigate source of SUBASH BOSE funding of anti British activity ..it is with Postal master jurisdiction to investigate wire fraud and etc..thus those days SUBASH BOSE activities and his loyalist were getting money thru Money orders..even abroad....The thing is Subash Bose was not only considered threat to British..he was considered threat to US..among many reasons why US Bombed JAPAN was SUBASH BOSE was in one of those two cities..the DOME LIKE STRUCTURE you see in one of the Bombed site was considered what Oppenheimer were racing up against..Japanese were going to develop it before US and thus use it a head of him..this after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and dragged US into Second World war..

Here is a Japanese Navy Movie ADMIRAL YAMAMOTO..it is in Japanese..story of a US Harvard educated Japanese Navy men..YAMAMOTO was the COMMAND of the JAPANESE NAVAL FLEET for I think PACIFIC COAST..may not believe this Pearl Harbor Pilots included KOREAN Pilots..

If you go thru the Japanese language movie..YAMAMOTO received more then one request from Japanese High Command to draw up a battle plan to attack US..he steadfastly refused.. every time..He responded backs attacking US would be colossal mistake ..story has it Japanese High Command repeatedly insisted..thus..HE EVEN INVOKED BUDDHA in his inner debate..he finally gave in and agreed to draw up pearl harbor battle plan..he came to understand dragging in US into the war would be the only way to end that war that was causing severe hard ship in Japan and the countries involved..

Back to AMAR Bose he is actually AMAR PALI..the man responsible for managing investments of SUBHASH BOSE and allies..among it is many apartments..one of which is DAL HOUSY SQUARE where my father used to stay with his aunt..



Sent: Friday, November 30, 2012 11:53 AM
Subject: Re: Famous Scientist - who is "Gunomeju from Sri Lanka." ?????


Mr. Debasish Barua

That is a picture of J. Robert Oppenheimer, who led the Manhattan Project, the work of the scientists at Los Alamos that resulted in the first
artificial Nuclear Explosion [Atom Bomb] in New Mexico desert, on July
16, 1944. This site was code-nammed as TRINITY in mid-1944.
Oppenheimer had an inner conscious biting while working on the project.
Oppenheimer later recalled that, while witnessing the explosion, he thought
of a verse from Hindu  Holy  book Bhagabod Gita:
"I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds." [Rudra the destroyer .....]  etc 

In any case, your posting of that picture was misleading and fake !!!!!
Please try to be honest and you must know that "honesty is the best policy "

Thanks

Syed Aslam

On Fri, Nov 30, 2012 at 9:57 AM, Debasish Barua <gorba196138@yahoo.com> wrote:
Their is attempt to wipe out GUNOMEJU's history..If you wish to find out more of him..go thru the history of CHITTAGONG BUDDHIST TEMPLE..you may also find him standing next to elephant in SRI LANKA Stamp..

Here it is how he looked like..


A.D.



From: SyedAslam <syed.aslam3@gmail.com>
To: Debasish Barua <gorba196138@yahoo.com>
Sent: Thursday, November 29, 2012 9:06 PM
Subject: Famous Scientist - who is "Gunomeju from Sri Lanka."

Debasish Barua

Which Gunomeju you are talking about ???
Can elaborate on who is this great inventor 
"Gunomeju from Sri Lanka." ??
When did he live (year of birth etc. ) ???

What is his full name? What was his speciality ???
Can you give us some reference to the list of his publications
in peer-reviewed journal of science and technology??

Will appreciate your candid reply - unbiased, impartial and 
free from any prejudice & without partiality!
Thanks

Syed Aslam

On Thu, Nov 29, 2012 at 2:57 PM, Debasish Barua <gorba196138@yahoo.com> wrote:

I guess no one will take anything away from the achievements of these..Scientist except for in the foot notes..it is interesting Venkat Raman studied in Presidency college in Madras and taught in Calcutta Presidency College. I would be surprised some where their is Bose Connection as he mentions friends..and their is out side possibility my father who studied also in Calcutta Presidency College  came across some of them. He used to stay with his aunt that is The famed Jyotirmala..who was also incapable to bear child. I think they used to stay in Calcutta Apartment..of DAL HOUSY SQUARE..it is interesting why he left from their and moved to MEDINI POOR to stay with his cousin..an used to work in a Ration Shop. He fails BA ( geography major ) from Calcutta Board..he then returns to Chittagong and appears for BA exam again and passes....It is from that Ration Job earnings he bought part of a Land in Calcutta with his cousin, the oldest brother of all that reside in Panditiya Residence..just to give hint why He went to Medini Poor who else Dhiman Dr Hounding him..thus one clue is case is in Medinipoor..may be some Ration Shop employees..

In addition ..where this states..of.Tamil Nadu, may not believe it is one of the cause of 40 year war between Tamils and Sinhalese..as Gunomeju was from Sri Lanka.. interesting invokes Optics and some kind of seems like RAY GUN, The way I understand it..it is the simple experiment in PHYSICS lab Taught in my high school..that covers deflection of LIGHTS..it is light source in one end and lenses on clam..as the light passes thru the Lenses..it takes a concentrated form...well it is the same principal this RAY GUN if any..difference is the rays are being passed thru a Metal TUBE with lenses being able to be adjusted..in strange way Light source, lenses all in one track like railway..

Debasish Barua





From: SyedAslam <syed.aslam3@gmail.com>
To: chottala@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Thursday, November 29, 2012 12:58 AM
Subject: Famous Scientist - Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

Famous Scientist - Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

1901
2012
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930

Sir Venkata Raman

Biography

Inline image 1Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born at Trichinopoly in Southern India on November 7th, 1888. His father was a lecturer in mathematics and physics so that from the first he was immersed in an academic atmosphere. He entered Presidency College, Madras, in 1902, and in 1904 passed his B.A. examination, winning the first place and the gold medal in physics; in 1907 he gained his M.A. degree, obtaining the highest distinctions.

His earliest researches in optics and acoustics - the two fields of investigation to which he has dedicated his entire career - were carried out while he was a student.

Since at that time a scientific career did not appear to present the best possibilities, Raman joined the Indian Finance Department in 1907; though the duties of his office took most of his time, Raman found opportunities for carrying on experimental research in the laboratory of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science at Calcutta (of which he became Honorary Secretary in 1919).

In 1917 he was offered the newly endowed Palit Chair of Physics at Calcutta University, and decided to accept it. After 15 years at Calcutta he became Professor at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore (1933-1948), and since 1948 he is Director of the Raman Institute of Research at Bangalore, established and endowed by himself. He also founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926, of which he is the Editor. Raman sponsored the establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and has served as President since its inception. He also initiated the Proceedings of that academy, in which much of his work has been published, and is President of the Current Science Association, Bangalore, which publishes Current Science (India).

Some of Raman's early memoirs appeared as Bulletins of the Indian Associationfor the Cultivation of Science (Bull. 6 and 11, dealing with the "Maintenance of Vibrations"; Bull. 15, 1918, dealing with the theory of the musical instruments of the violin family). He contributed an article on the theory of musical instruments to the 8th Volume of the Handbuch der Physik, 1928. In 1922 he published his work on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light", the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators which ultimately led to his discovery, on the 28th of February, 1928, of the radiation effect which bears his name ("A new radiation", Indian J. Phys., 2 (1928) 387), and which gained him the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Other investigations carried out by Raman were: his experimental and theoretical studies on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies (published 1934-1942), and those on the effects produced by X-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light. In 1948 Raman, through studying the spectroscopic behaviour of crystals, approached in a new manner fundamental problems of crystal dynamics. His laboratory has been dealing with the structure and properties of diamond, the structure and optical behaviour of numerous iridescent substances (labradorite, pearly felspar, agate, opal, and pearls).

Among his other interests have been the optics of colloids, electrical and magnetic anisotropy, and the physiology of human vision.

Raman has been honoured with a large number of honorary doctorates and memberships of scientific societies. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career (1924), and was knighted in 1929.
From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922-1941, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1965
This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished inNobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.
 
Sir Venkata Raman died on November 21, 1970.
 
Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 1930
TO CITE THIS PAGE:
MLA style: "Venkata Raman - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 28 Nov 2012 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/raman-bio.html
C.V. Raman
Initially, the IACS was able only to give free public lectures. Nevertheless, these were well-attended by the public. Scientists like J.C Bose & Fr. Lafont gave lectures. But M.L. Sircar was disappointed that young people did not come forward to do real research.
In 1907, a 19-year old officer in the Accountant General's department walked into the IACS premises, wanting to do some research in physics. A.L. Sircar, who was then the head there, enthusiastically accepted him. This was CV Raman, who went on to win the Nobel Prize in 1930.
Though Raman was appointed a professor in 1917 in the University of Calcutta, he preferred to do his research in IACS. And it was there; in 1928 that he discovered the famous Raman Effect.
Inline image 2
In the beginning, CV Raman had no good instruments. He used sunlight as a source of light, and his own eyes as a detector. Yet he got his results published in Nature, the world's most prestigious scientific journal. Impressed, the industrialist GD Birla bought him a spectrograph.
CHANDRASHEKAR VENKATA RAMAN (1930) 
Nobel Prize for Physics
Born at Thiruvanaikkaval in Tamil Nadu, Raman studied at Presidency College, Madras. Later, he served as Professor of Physics at Calcutta University. C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize for an important research in the field of optics (light). Raman had found that diffused light contained rays of other wavelengths-what is now popularly known as Raman Effect. His theory explains why the frequency of light passing through a transparent medium changes. 

HARGOBIND KHORANA (1968) 
Inline image 1
The Nobel Prize for Medicine
Dr. Khorana was born in Raipur, Punjab (now in Pakistan). He went abroad to get his doctorate in Chemistry and later settled there. It was his study of the human genetic code and the role it plays in protein synthesis that got him the Nobel Prize. 
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/khorana-bio.html

SUBRAMANIAN CHANDRASHEKAR (1983) 
Inline image 2
The Nobel Prize for Physics
Dr S. Chandrashekar, is an Indian-born astrophysicist (a branch of astronomy or the study of space). After studying at the Presidency College in Madras, Dr. Chandrashekhar went to the United States for work and settled there. He has written many books on his field Astrophysics and 
Stellar Dynamics. He developed a theory on white dwarf stars forecasts the limit of mass that dwarf stars can have. This limit is known as the Chandrashekar Limit. His theory also explains the final stages of the evolution of stars. 




















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