Re: [chottala.com] For Execution Of Election Road Map

For Execution Of Election

Road Map  

 

It is needed for CTG to establish corruption free social & economical justice doing lawful trial by making judicial department fair & neutral.

It is needed for CTG to create lawful democracy lawful politicians to do lawful politics.

It is also needed to make some rules for conducting fair & neutral election.  

 

1) Rules should be made that only the person who does not do party politics in his/her student life & who does not do party politics before join the service can be appointed in judicial department.

 

2) Judicial investigation should be done for removing the person who being Judicial Person is doing party politic for keeping the Judicial Department fair & neutral.

 

3) Rules should also be made for taking the Common Public Jury Board's opinion before giving verdict by the high court for establishing in the people's mind that rules of law, rules of justice are being followed & executed Honestly Neutrally & Lawfully by the high court so that any verdict does not create any question to the mind of the common people.

 

4) Rules should be made for the politicians for doing lawful politics to establish lawful democracy.

 

5) Corruption free ill money influence free conducting of peaceful fair & neutral election by the Election Commission some rules should be made for guiding EC  such that.

i)        Any party candidate can not do separate public meeting after the declaration of the election schedules.

ii)       Only the Election commission will conduct combined all party together public meeting where all party candidates will be presented by the election commission

iii)     All candidates will get equal time equal facility to tell their party program & their party manifest to the people in the meeting.

iv)     Any candidate can not do poster publicity separately. 

v)      The Election Commission will do poster publicity by making single big size poster with the name of the candidate & his party of all party candidates along with their full body long size photos bio-data & each candidate life history so that voters can know them, can judge them, can compare them who is competent person who is honest person who is active efficient person & from which party he is represented.

vi)     Any candidate or any party can not expend any money for the election cost.

vii)     All Election cost publicity cost will be totally borne by the Election Commission.

viii)  Rules should be made if any candidate secretly or publicly expends any money for election purposes then he/she will be sentenced for 10 years & his/her candidature will be cancelled.

ix)     Election commission should be provided monetary fund for conducting election bearing all cost.

x)      Rules should be made any body who wants to contest at local body election can not do party politics. Local body's main duty is to do developing works being fair & neutral elected public representative.

xi)     Rules should be made if any body who wants to be candidate in MP election before contest in MP election 3 years can not do local body election.

xii)   Rules should be made any MP can not interfere of the local body's activities. MP's main duty is as law makers to make rules & laws, as policy makers to make policy, as public representative to form government & over all as members of parliament find out the solution of country's all problems. 

xiii)  Election's Road Map should be under the terms of action for reformation works for establishing good honest active administration.

 

 

 

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[chottala.com] Obama supports Israel. Period. : NetZero Mohiuddin, Please comment !

NetZero Mohiuddin, Please comment !

Obama supports Israel. Period.

Barack Obama's big speech on Israel is now over, and as expected, the candidate made no secret of his support and dedication to the special relationship between the U.S. and Israel. "My view is that the United States' special relationship with Israel obligates us to be helpful to them in the search for credible partners with whom they can make peace, while also supporting Israel in defending itself against enemies sworn to its destruction," were Obama's words to Haaretz last week. Today, he sounded as strong as Clinton, as supportive as Bush, as friendly as Giuliani. At least rhetorically, Obama passed any test anyone might have wanted him to pass. So, he is pro-Israel. Period.

Iran

"The kinds of communications that he would engage in and the pressure he envisions on Iran may differ in some respect from the other candidates," an adviser to Barack Obama told the NY Sun yesterday. And in the speech he made today, in Chicago, Obama showed his cards. He was clear, but not as tough as Edwards' "Let me be clear: Under no circumstances can Iran be allowed to have nuclear weapons" or Clinton's "we cannot, we should not, we must not permit Iran to build or acquire nuclear weapons."

Here's what Obama said: "The world must work to stop Iran's uranium enrichment program and prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. It is far too dangerous to have nuclear weapons in the hands of a radical theocracy. And while we should take no option, including military action, off the table, sustained and aggressive diplomacy combined with tough sanctions should be our primary means to prevent Iran from building nuclear weapons."

As I wrote for Slate last week, I don't believe there's a big difference between Democrats and Republicans in regards to Iran-policy. Nevertheless, Obama today sounded somewhat different, more cautious, than the 2004 Obama I quoted at the end of that Slate piece: "In light of the fact that we're now in Iraq, with all the problems in terms of perceptions about America that have been created, us launching some missile strikes into Iran is not the optimal position for us to be in ... On the other hand, having a radical Muslim theocracy in possession of nuclear weapons is worse. So I guess my instinct would be to err on not having those weapons in the possession of the ruling clerics of Iran."

Speech

On engaging Iran: "We need the United States to lead tough-minded diplomacy. This includes direct engagement with Iran similar to the meetings we conducted with the Soviets at the height of the Cold War."

On stopping Iran: "Tough-minded diplomacy would include real leverage through stronger sanctions. It would mean more determined U.S diplomacy at the United Nations. It would mean harnessing the collective power of our friends in Europe who are Iran's major trading partners. It would mean a cooperative strategy with Gulf States who supply Iran with much of the energy resources it needs. It would mean unifying those states to recognize the threat of Iran and increase pressure on Iran to suspend uranium enrichment. It would mean full implementation of U.S. sanctions laws. And over the long term, it would mean a focused approach from us to finally end the tyranny of oil, and developing our own alternative sources of energy to drive the price of oil down."

On Iraq and Israel: "A consequence of the Administration's failed strategy in Iraq has been to strengthen Iran's strategic position; reduce U.S. credibility and influence in the region; and place Israel and other nations friendly to the United States in greater peril."

On American aid to Israel: "We must preserve our total commitment to our unique defense relationship with Israel by fully funding military assistance and continuing work on the Arrow and related missile defense programs."

On diplomacy: "Our job is to do more than lay out another road map."

On Israel's security: "Our job is to rebuild the road to real peace and lasting security throughout the region. That effort begins with a clear and strong commitment to the security of Israel: Our strongest ally in the region and its only established democracy. That will always be my starting point."

On the Palestinian leadership: "We should all be concerned about the agreement negotiated among Palestinians in Mecca last month."

On U.S. mediation: "We should never seek to dictate what is best for the Israelis and their security interests. No Israeli prime minister should ever feel dragged to or blocked from the negotiating table by the United States" - or is that about Syria?

Rivals

Is he really as friendly to Israel as any other candidate? Yesterday, writing about Clinton and Edwards, I mentioned the fact that "the constant interest in, and the open sympathy for, Israeli affairs that is required of all important elected officials in the most Jewish of states in the U.S. has had its effect on" Clinton and Giuliani, The Israel Factor favorites. Obama doesn't have this advantage. He isn't from New York and, more importantly, is relatively new to the public sphere.

Money

It is no secret that Jewish money plays a big role in the Democratic Party. "They don't have the number [of voters], but have the means to get the voters," a prominent Democratic operative told me last week. That's why I told the told the NY Sun that "I don't think his real motive is to win votes. It's, of course, Jewish money." Will he get it? Here's one clue. Rep. Robert Wexler of Florida is going to co-chair Barack Obama's White House drive in the state. And why would Wexler do such thing? Because "I have spoken with Barack to discuss the dangers facing our ally Israel, and I am convinced there will be no stronger supporter of Israel than President Obama", his statement says. It "appears as Obama plans a big day on March 25 of fundraising in Florida, where he will be looking for help from the Jewish Democratic donor community", writes Lynn Sweet of the Chicago Sun Times today.

Conclusion

So, did Obama achieve his goal? Sorry, but I will have to repeat here what I wrote just a week ago. It is as true today as it was then: "After talking to people about him all week, I can tell you this: They very much want to be persuaded that Obama should win their backing, as they all understand the excitement and enthusiasm surrounding his candidacy and the importance of Obama adding his voice to the camp of Israel supporters. With such an attitude, it is relatively easy to be convinced."

http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/rosnerBlog.jhtml?itemNo=832667&contrassID=25&subContrassID=0&sbSubContrassID=1&listSrc=Y&art=1     U.S. Democratic presidential hopeful Barack Obama addressing the American Israel Public Affairs Committee in Chicago on Friday. (AP) ei: How Barack Obama learned to love Israel The Electronic Intifada: Opinion/Editorial: How Barack Obama learned to love Israel. www.electronicintifada.net/v2/article6619.shtml - 38k - Cached - Similar pages Obama and Israel - January 9, 2008 - The New York Sun Jan 9, 2008 ... Obama and Israel - January 9, 2008 - The New York Sun. www.nysun.com/article/69154 - Similar pages Obama supports Israel. Period. - Haaretz - Israel News Obama supports Israel. Period.-News and commentary relating to events in Israel, the occupied territories, and the world, along with an archive of past ... www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/rosnerBlog.jhtml?itemNo=832667&contrassID=25&subContrassID=0&sbSu... - 178k - Cached - Similar pages In AIPAC speech, Obama repeats support for Israel, peace talks ... Mar 3, 2007 ... In AIPAC speech, Obama repeats support for Israel, peace talks-News and commentary relating to events in Israel, the occupied territories, ... www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/832668.html - 181k - Cached - Similar pages More results from www.haaretz.com » News results for obama Israel CBC News Jewish voters hold 'Havdala for Obama,' 'Chai for Hillary' events - Feb 12, 2008 "The people who are looking closely at this issue will look hard and fast at what Hillary and Obama have said on Israel [and their voting records]. ... Jerusalem Post - 5432 related articles »

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[chottala.com] Shariah is Neither Islamic nor British - Taj Hashmi

 

Shariah is Neither Islamic nor British

Taj Hashmi

Honolulu, Hawaii

taj_hashmi@hotmail. com

It is indeed lamentable that some people in Britain are considering the introduction of the regressive and misogynous Shariah law. What on the surface appears to be non-discriminatory and "pro-Muslim" , for the promotion of multiculturalism, is actually a big step in the opposite direction.

 
Shockingly enough, while advocating the introduction of the Shariah for British Muslims over the BBC Radio 4's "World at One" on February 7, 2008, the Archbishop of Canterbury Dr Rowan Williams said: "It seems unavoidable and, as a matter of fact, certain conditions of sharia are already recognised in our society and under our law, so it is not as if we are bringing in an alien and rival system". Dr Williams believes the introduction of Shariah law to Britain will help maintain "cohesion because some Muslims do not relate to the British legal system"; and that "its introduction would mean Muslims would no longer have to choose between the stark alternatives of cultural loyalty or state loyalty". He further stipulated that his proposal would only work if Shariah law was "properly understood, rather than seen through the eyes of biased media reports" [Guardian, February 7, 2008].
 
What is even more distressing is the ambivalence in the Prime Minister's official stand on the issue. Gordon Brown's spokesman insisted that while British law would remain pre-eminent, concessions to Shariah could be made on a "case-by-case basis". One wonders if Shariah and British Common Law are compatible, especially with regard to marriage, divorce and inheritance rights for women.

We do not find the Archbishop's following assertion comforting either: "It would be quite wrong to say that we could ever license a system of law for some community which gave people no right of appeal, no way of exercising the rights that are guaranteed to them as citizens in general. But there are ways of looking at marital disputes, for example, which provide an alternative to the divorce courts as we understand them. In some cultural and religious settings they would seem more appropriate. "
 
One is not sure if once accepted on par with British law, it would be ever possible to modify the Shariah to make it look more civil, modern and humane. There is more evil in the Shariah code than, to paraphrase the Archbishop, "seen through the eyes of biased media reports".
While liberal Muslims (including this writer) have been striving hard for quite sometime to modify the Shariah, by scrapping many draconian codes sold as divine commandments, this silly concession to the obscurantist mullahs (and their non-mullah adherents in Britain) is going to be more divisive, counter-productive and most importantly, discriminatory against Muslim women.
 
This "concession" would eventually embolden the proponents of Shariah in Muslim majority countries and in countries with substantial Muslim populations, such as France , Germany and Spain , Canada and the US to demand this draconian code to regulate Muslim personal law in the name of Islam. On the one hand, it would further segregate and marginalize Muslims and on the other, by sharply polarizing the adherents and opponents of Shariah it would incite intra- and inter-racial conflicts and terrorism within and outside Britain . In sum, Britain 's adopting the Shariah may legitimize the excesses of the code committed elsewhere in the Muslim World.

Problematically, both the adherents and opponents of Shariah believe that the code was derived from the Quran and is as old as Islam itself. Ordinary Muslims also consider it as divine law. Contrary to these assumptions, Shariah is hardly Quranic in origin as the Quran contains 80-odd verses, which are prescriptive or regulative. The main sources of Shariah are thousands of spurious hadises or "sayings" of Prophet Muhammad, collected haphazardly more than 200 years after his death. Muslim jurists' legal opinions collected during the 8th and 12th centuries based on their understanding of the Quran, traditions of the Prophet, local customs and above all, common sense, are collectively known as the Shariah.

Once we consider the following facts, we come closer to resolving the Shariah debate:

1) Shariah is authoritative, not infallible;
2) The Sunni Shariah code went through major transformation and changes, but only up to the 16th century;
3) Shiite Shariah is still subject to changes and modifications; and,
4) The moral principles of the Quran outweigh its legal principles (for example, while slavery, concubinage and polygamy are tolerated in Islam for a specific historical era, the Quran does not promote or encourage these practices).

It is quite puzzling that secular Britain should toy with the idea of incorporating Shariah into its legal system while several Muslim countries are gradually replacing it with secular codes and some have already done away with it. Britain should be even more cautious about implementing Shariah, as there are very few Islamic scholars in the country, qualified enough to interpret the Quran and the teachings of Islam. And again, whose Shariah are we talking about? There are at least four Sunni and scores of Shiite sects, each with its own Shariah. While the Wahhabi and other Muslim sects sanction female genital mutilation in the name of Islam and Shariah, the official Iranian Shiism endorses temporary marriage (mutah or segha) between a man and a woman for a day, week, month or year.

Some Muslims, on the basis of wrong interpretations of the Quran, justify polygamy and even consider wife beating permissible in Islam. Are the British willing to allow the implementation of these varying versions of Shariah in their country? Once they allow it to meddle with the conjugal problems of Muslim couples, the government would simply fail to protect half-educated, uninformed and dependent Muslim women from being abused in the name of Islam.

All concerned should learn that what the Quran has given to women, Shariah has taken away from them. Examples abound. While men and women are equally held responsible for adultery in the Quran, which prescribes 100 lashes for the offenders each, the Shariah is particularly harsh on the sinners, prescribing the death penalty for both the offenders. Again, as it appears in the Quran (Chapter 4), only immediate family members of Muslim couples may arbitrate in matters relating to divorce and custody, there is no room for outsiders to arbitrate.

Since Shariah is not infallible and is subject to change and modifications, there is no need to rush for its implementation anywhere, let alone Britain , until the emergence of a Muslim Martin Luther. Unless Islam goes through its Reformation and the Muslim World undergoes a total transformation to adapt to modern, liberal democratic, secular and urban cultures of enlightenment and tolerance, no one should advocate the cause of Shariah anywhere in the world.


However, the Government alone cannot stop the introduction of Shariah in Britain ; civil society in general and liberal Muslims in particular should come forward to stop this vice, which is neither Islamic nor British in character and spirit.
--------------------------------------
Taj Hashmi writes from Canada
taj_hashmi@hotmail.com

 

 

---

http://www.bangladesh-web.com/view.php?hidRecord=187112

 

 

 

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[chottala.com] Human rights group accuses Bangladesh of torture - Guardian

Human rights group accuses Bangladesh of torture

 

"The military has polluted the political system in Bangladesh, and they have cleverly put the blame on the politicians.

But they are the problem, not the solution."

• Randeep Ramesh, south Asia correspondent
• guardian.co.uk,
• Thursday February 14 2008
• Article history ·

This article was first published on guardian.co.uk on Thursday February 14 2008. It was last updated at 12:25 on February 14 2008.

Human Rights Watch today accused Bangladesh of beating and torturing a reporter employed by the New York-based group, forcing him and his family to flee the country.

Tasneem Khalil, a 27-year-old reporter who worked as a consultant for Human Rights Watch, was picked up last May by the intelligence services after a series of reports accusing the Bangladeshi military of carrying out extrajudicial executions and persecuting minority groups in the country.

He says he was taken at gunpoint from his family home at night, blindfolded, bound and bundled into a waiting car before being beaten with batons in a cell designed for "torture".

After "confessing" during 22 hours of imprisonment, and after pressure from western diplomats, Khalil was released and went into hiding. He and his family were granted asylum in Sweden last June.

Recounting his experiences, Khalil said he had been taken to a small room that had no windows and was soundproofed. In the room was a table on which rested plastic batons, which delivered electric shocks, and a metal bed frame fitted with straps.

"I was beaten, tortured and made to record a video confessing that I had, in the guise of working for CNN and Human Rights Watch, actually passed on national security information to them," Khalil told the Guardian.

The intelligence officers had been incensed with Khalil's work with Human Rights Watch, where he had worked as a consultant since 2006. Khalil said.

"I worked on a report about extrajudicial killings. That suddenly infuriated them so much that all of them started hitting the table with hands and sticks and started shouting at me. Someone came around the table and started punching me on my head again ... I was beaten from all possible directions with hands and batons and kicks. I pleaded with them to give me one last chance. I said I would not do those things again."

Bangladesh has been effectively under the rule of army generals since the military intervened a year ago after protracted political violence. The army installed a caretaker government but has yet to lift the state of emergency and declare a date for parliamentary elections promised by the end of 2008.

Khalill said: "The military has polluted the political system in Bangladesh, and they have cleverly put the blame on the politicians. But they are the problem, not the solution."

Human Rights Watch, which still employs Khalil, accused the international community of ignoring Bangladesh's clandestine detention and torture system, which it said was "well known to Dhaka's donors and the diplomatic community".

"Rampant illegal detention and torture are clear evidence of Bangladesh's security forces running amok", said Brad Adams, the organisation's Asia director.

Last month, Human Rights Watch said: "Bangladesh's interim government used the pretext of emergency rule to continue a historic pattern of impunity, with widespread allegations of security forces arresting, detaining, even killing civilians."

Tens of thousands of people were arrested in the weeks that followed the declaration of a state of emergency, and security forces have been accused of flouting standard arrest and detention procedures.

Khalil said there was now a culture of "self-censorship" in the country, and people were afraid of the consequences of speaking out.

"I am taking a calculated risk in speaking out because I still have family in Bangladesh," he said. "But I feel it is important that people know what is really going on in my country."

 

Source:

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/feb/14/bangladesh.humanrights

 

Background:

The 3rd world view: Breaking News: Journalist Blogger Tasneem ...

Do not let Tasneem Khalil be "disappeared" into darkness. ... "Any harm to Tasneem Khalil will seriously undermine the army's claims to legitimacy and ... rezwanul.blogspot.com/2007/05/breaking-news-journalist-blogger.html - 127k - Cached - Similar pages

Global Voices Online » Bangladesh: release journalist blogger ...

May 10, 2007 ... Bangladeshi blogger and journalist Tasneem Khalil has been ... Bangladeshi journalist and blogger Tasneem Khalil was arrested yesterday. ... www.globalvoicesonline.org/2007/05/11/bangladesh-release-journalist-blogger-tasneem-khalil/ - 95k - Cached - Similar pages

tasneem khalil: Blogs, Photos, Videos and more on Technorati

[Tasneem Khalil, Sweden.] As if one Pervez Musharraf is not enough. If things go as planned, the world is now set to watch another general taking over a ... technorati.com/tag/tasneem+khalil - 38k - Cached - Similar pages

Bangladesh: release journalist blogger Tasneem Khalil: Where's the ...

Bangladeshi blogger and journalist Tasneem Khalil has been arrested by the joint forces tonight. One of his colleagues (also a renowned blogger) broke the ... technorati.com/wtf/tasneem-khalil/2007/05/11/bangladesh-release-journalist-blogger-tasneem-khal-1 - 31k - Cached - Similar pages More results from technorati.com »

Profile - tasneem

Editor: tasneem. Name: Tasneem Khalil. Email: Send to tasneem · tasneem's bookmarks (6). Categories. Regional: Asia: Bangladesh: News and Media (35) ... www.dmoz.org/profiles/tasneem.html - 5k - Cached - Similar pages

Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying » Tasneem Khalil Released!

Please add the "Please Help Tasneem Khalil" image (on the top of my sidebar on the right) to your blog and link to any post about his story. ... www.docstrangelove.com/2007/05/10/breaking-reporters-under-attack-in-bangladesh/ - 67k - Cached - Similar pages

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[chottala.com] Did Sheikh Mujib had the legal authority to forgive the collaborators?

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/notun_bangladesh/message/10090

[ Re:Mr.. Abid Bahar's comment]

 

Dear All

Mr. Abid Bahar has said:

"... should know that after the liberation war, except the collaborators of 1971

who killed people, the rest were forgiven by Sk. Mujibur Rahman".

 

The collaborators of  the foreign occupation Army are equally criminal as those

who were accomplices in the genocide of 1971 and killers of innocent civillians

in Bangladesh during our liberation war.

 

BTW, where did Sheikh Mujib get the legal authority to forgive the collaborators?

I believe, that was his personal opinion?

 

If Mujib's opinion was leagally binding for our nation, there a would have been a

gazette notification. There is no  Indemnity Act to protect the collaborators of 1971.

 

Collaboration with the foreign occupation army of Pakistan was a criminal

offence without any statue of limitation.

 

The nation has every right to demand the trials of the collaborators

of the heinous criminal occupation regime and genocide, no matter how many years have

passed ... 35 ... 40 ...50 .....! or more .....

 

Mr. Bahar has gotten surprised at Dr. Farah's  concerns on the trial of the collaborators

of 1971. But the real surprise is that a gentleman like Mr. Abid Bahar, [who claims to be

in India in 1971] is trying to protect the collaborators through his innuendo.

 

The trial of collaborators would not "create anarchy in the country" as Mr. Bahar thinks,  

rather  put the nation on a moral high  ground. Bangladesh will have a legitimate and morally

defensible society.

 

Readers please visit

http://jamaatsupporters.com/

to see the pictures of some of the 1971 Pak Army callaborators and the ongoing activities of their supporters ......

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

On 2/13/08, abid bahar <abidbahar@yahoo.com> wrote:

 

Mina Farah has a point but she is not the only person that crossed the mountains to take shelter in India. If she was in India, I must have met her. What is surprising however is that after 35 years, something has awakened her from a deep sleep. She should know that after the liberation war, except the collaborators of 1971 who killed people, the rest were forgiven by Sk. Mujibur Rahman. Zia took it further and called everybody Bangladeshis. Now in the name of being Bengalis, we are no more promoting the Indian West Bengali interest but serving only Bangladeshis. After 35 years Bangladeshis are a little more smarter to understand this much international politics.

 From this perspective, in this very improvised country of 150 million people, what is urgently needed is to find solutions to the contemporary problems; Hasina- Khalida war, Indian dams drying up Bangladesh and destroying Bangladesh rivers/ transportation. It is also important to find out people who are corrupt and who in the name of the liberation war tend to promte Indian agenda. It is also important to find out Mina Farahs's types of motives. Bangladesh government should keep track of these distractors that find excuses to create anarchy in the country.

 

----- Original Message ----
From: Syed Aslam <Syed.Aslam3@gmail.com>
To: notun_bangladesh@yahoogroups.com; khabor <khabor@yahoogroups.com>; chottala@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Tuesday, February 12, 2008 11:34:35 AM
Subject: [notun_bangladesh] Bangladeshi calls for war-crimes justice -Newsday [New York]

Bangladeshi calls for war-crimes justice

MERLE ENGLISH

February 10, 2008

Mina Farah remembers fleeing into the hills of northern India with her family and other refugees as thousands of their compatriots were killed.

It was 1971, when the people of East Pakistan - then a province of Pakistan - were engulfed in a nine-month war for independence. The result of the civil war was the formation of two states: Pakistan and Bangladesh.

Farah, 53 - an immigrant from Bangladesh and a Jackson Heights businesswoman, dentist, author, activist, wife and mother of four - was a teenager during her country's struggle for self-rule.

An estimated three million people were killed, she said. Many women and girls were raped and tortured and fighters murdered by roaming death squads.

Today, Farah is seeking justice for Bangladeshis whose human rights, she said, were violated by other Bangladeshis who collaborated in the mass killings. She wants the United States and the United Nations to declare the slaughter to have been genocide. But above all, she wants collaborators - some of whom she said are living in Jackson Heights and elsewhere in New York City - brought to justice.

She is "making a noise about these war criminals to remind people of the history of all this so they can join the quest for justice," Farah said recently at one of several meetings she convened in Jackson Heights - a community with about 150,000 Bangladesh-American s - to drum up support for her crusade.

She visits Bangladesh every two months and has appealed to the government, she said, to "prosecute the war criminals. They are not hiding," she said. A room in her family's home in Bangladesh that was used as a jail and torture chamber is kept as "evidence of the injustice. The house was full of blood, ropes, things they used for torture," she said.

Shamshul Haque, consul general of Bangladesh in New York, said the issue "is for the courts to decide. The issue is going on in the community and in the political arena," he said. "I have no information right now what is the government's policy on those demands. That is a 36-year-long issue."

"There was a liberation war in 1971 when our freedom fighters fought against Pakistan," Haque said. "Definitely during the war atrocities were there, so there are matters that need to be looked into as legal issues. I cannot comment on legal issues."

Abdul Musabbir, a Manhattan travel agent who said he had been a freedom fighter, supports Farah.

"We support her, because she's doing a very good thing," he said. "As a Bangladeshi- American she wants real justice. The wives and mothers of the victims are crying the last 36 years for real justice. If the State Department wants information, they can contact me. I'll tell names."

Karl Duckworth, a State Department spokesman, would say only, "The issue of accountability is an important issue for the Bangladeshis to determine through their elected leaders."

Farah won't let up in her campaign against the "war criminals."

"There's a problem in our country [Bangladesh] ," she said. "We didn't punish them."

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[chottala.com] 1971: Evidence of Participants & Eye witness accounts (Oral History)

1971: Evidence of Participants & Eye witness accounts (Oral History)

 

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http://www.profile-bengal.com/

 

http://www.profile-bengal.com/history.html

 

http://profile-bengal.com/libwardocument.html

 

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[chottala.com] Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood

http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/EF9FB89A-B492-411E-8701-6DAAE3660582.htm

 

Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood By Atef Dalgamouni

Hassan al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 but his writings influenced a new cadre of Muslim Brotherhood members Intially established in a small town in Egypt by Hassan al-Banna, a school teacher, in 1928, the Muslim Brotherhood has grown into a global organisation and is regarded as the oldest organised Islamic movement in modern history. Al-Banna, who was born in 1906 and had a religious upbringing, was influenced by earlier Muslim scholars such as al-Afghani, al-Kawakibi and Muhammad Rasheed Reda, who wrote on the status of the Arab and Muslim worlds and the urgent need for reform. Al-Banna wanted to revive the Islamic Ummah - nation - and re-establish it once again as a world leader rather than a follower of nations. He stated that the Brotherhood's goals were to establish an Islamic state based on the principles and edicts of the Quran, as well as the sunnah, the oral traditions and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. He also firmly espoused his opposition to authoritarian rule, which was enshrined in one of the first basic tenets of the Brotherhood: "To confirm unequivocally that people are the source of all power so that it is not permissible for any one individual, party, group or institution to claim the right to authority, or to continue in power except with the consent of the people." Methodology Arab Unity Rising In-depth coverage of nationalism in the 1920s Al-Banna saw in Islam a perfectly forumlated methodology to ensure a healthy, happy and prosperous livelihood for the Ummah; Islam was not merely a religion as it was understood in the west, but a complete way of life. Islam defined the relationship between man and God, man and fellow man; it also dealt at length with such issues as politics, economics, and the environment. For the Brotherhood, Islam is a social system for the benefit of mankind not just the adherents of the faith. Al-Banna also said that one of the principle goals of the Brotherhood is to get rid of all foreign occupations of Muslim lands and the elimination of western influence on Muslims. In more recent times the Muslim Brotherhood group has vehemently opposed the Israeli occupation of Palestine and US occupations of Afghanistan and Iraq. This is exemplified in the group's slogan: "Allah is our aim, the Prophet is our leader, the Quran is our Constitution, and Jihad for the sake of God is highest desire". Changing stages Some principles of the Muslim Brotherhood Total commitment to, and the respect of, the principle of power exchange through free and fair general elections To confirm the freedom of personal conviction (religious convictions) To confirm the freedom of establishing religious rites for all heavenly religions To confirm the freedom of opinion and the right to publicize it, and to call, peacefully, to it, within the limitations of the moral values of society that are detailed in the first section of the constitution. An important consideration in ensuring the above is the freedom of owning and using the different mass media outlets The right of every citizen( man or woman) to take part in parliamentary elections The right of every citizen to become a member of the parliament through elections The army must stay clear of politics, concentrating only on protecting the country's external security, and that it should not be used, neither directly nor indirectly, by the governing authority in enforcing its wishes and control, or in prohibiting people's rights. Throughout its 80-year history the Brotherhood has been impacted by three principal transformative stages.  The first - considered its founding stage - when al-Banna laid down the main principles of the movement which spread across Egypt and spilled over into other parts of the Arab World lasted from 1928 to 1949.  During this stage, Al-Banna formed a highly secretive armed wing of the Brotherhood which influenced the behaviour of the group as a whole. Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949, which ushered in the second stage of the Brotherhood's development. The Brotherhood worked closely with the army officers and civilians who participated in the 1952 coup that overthrew the Egyptian monarchy. But soon after, the coup leaders turned against the Muslim Brotherhood and outlawed it and other political movements and parties. For the next 20 years, the group faced numerous crises including political persecution and imprisonment, chiefly during the 1950s and 60s, under Gamal Abdel Nasser, the Egyptian president. In 1954, Nasser survived an assassination attempt which he blamed on the Brotherhood and he moved to quickly jail hundreds of its members. The persecution of the Islamist group pushed many members to flee Egypt to other Arab and Muslim countries, thereby extending the Brotherhood's influence regionally, and then, globally. In 1966, Sayyid Qutb, a senior Muslim Brotherhood member was executed by the Egyptian government. A prolific writer, Qutb's ideologies would survive him and influence the rise of a newer, more radicalised offshoot of Islamists. Ayman Al-Zawahiri, currently al-Qaeda's second-in-command, is thought to have been influenced by the execution of Qutb. Reform In 1970, Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat. The third stage of the Brotherhood's development began in 1971 and lasts to this day. During this period, the Brotherhood began to reform and adopt increasingly more moderate political positions to appeal to a wider range of people. The senior leadership in the group came to realise that staying outside the political scene is not benefiting the movement so they decided to form civil political parties to run for elections in Egypt and Jordan. Though the constitutions in both the countries prohibited religioun-based parties from participating in parliamentary elections, civil political parties were exempted. As a result, throughout the 1990s, the Brotherhood in Egypt and Jordan gained significant foothold in political associations and unions. In recent parliamentary elections in both the countries, the Brotherhood fielded independent candidates and won the largest share of seats since 1928.  However, the trend was reversed during parliamentary elections in Egypt in 2005 and 2006. The Brotherhood accused the Egyptian government of vote-rigging. This scenario was repeated in Jordan where the Brotherhood accused the government of vote fraud during the parliamentary and municipal elections in 2007. But Hamas, the Islamist resistance movement in Palestine which considers itself an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood, won a stunning victory in legislative elections in January 2006. The poll victory stunned the US and Israel who moved quickly to isolate Hamas financially and politically. Non-violence As the Brotherhood transformed itself into an effective political outfit, it also outlined its rejection of all manners of violence. One of the recently adopted tenets states: "… We reiterate our rejection of any form of violence and coercion as well as all forms of coups which destroy the unity of any nation ... these methods would create a great crack in the wall of political stability." The ideology of the Brotherhood also differs greatly with the one espoused by al-Qaeda. The Brotherhood members distance themselves from the acts and tactics of Al Qaeda. Human rights are endorsed by the Brotherhood in its published documents.  On the women's rights issue they have shown a great deal of openness and enlisted women to run for parliamentary elections. In its March 2004 reform initiative, the Brotherhood declared: "Our only hope to achieve progress in all the aspects of life is by retuning to our religion and implementing our Sharia ... We have a clear mission-working to put in place Allah's law, on the basis of our belief that it is the real, effective way out of our problems-domestic or external, political, economic, social or cultural. "This is to be achieved by forming the Muslim individual, the Muslim home, the Muslim government, and the state which will lead the Islamic states, reunite the scattered Muslims, restore their glory, retrieve for them their lost lands and stolen homelands, and carry the banner of the call to Allah in order to make the world happy with Islam's blessings and instructions."       However, there are members within the Brotherhood who believe that the group should abandon politics and re-focus on providing social services.

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