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Sunday, May 25, 2008

[chottala.com] Who has given the present government such an audacity to disgrace????????????

President Iajuddin Ahmed yesterday appointed MM Ruhul Amin as the next chief justice (CJ), superseding Justice Mohammad Fazlul Karim, the most senior member of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court after the incumbent CJ. We thought this caretaker government won't go for supersedence like the political governments. While the nation is always against the superseding of judges, particularly when this government is a neutral caretaker government. We did not expect from this government will go for supersession like previous political governments. Who has given the present government such an audacity to disgrace the senior judge as the present government has forgotten to let go of their attachment to being right, and suddenly their mind is more open and the government is able to benefit from the unique viewpoints of others, without being crippled by its own judgement?
 
Gopal Sengupta
Canada
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Re: [chottala.com] A question to Bangladeshi economists and bussiness forums and supporters of CTG

Yes.

It is the question for economic loss in Bangladesh.

Who are responsible????????

It is very natural & very easy understandable matter to all people of Bangladesh that the 11 members advisors councils CTG politically administrate are not in all respect experienced persons. They are very raw hands very new face not political persons not efficient & not experienced persons to rule the country. It is also very known to every body of Bangladesh that the advisors of the elected president are the constitutionally legal Care Taker Government. 

It means that all political leaders of Bangladesh are infants & children. They (the politicians) have no idea to make the voter list, have no idea to conduct election so they have needed CTG for electing them as MP for Parliament to form the Government in Bangladesh to make rules of law to rule the country.

Now the inefficient & non experienced advisors of this CTG are facing so many problems to select the agenda for talking & to make the plan correctly what they have to need to do. So the time of them is now passing for gathering the experienced & the efficiency for selecting the work to do correctly & are doing aimless nonsense talking dialogue with infant & child politicians it may have the aim to earn some idea & knowledge to create efficient  & mature politicians in the country to elect in the next election to make the good rules of law for the politicians to do lawful politics under the system of lawful democratic political party for the lawful democracy & to form the future government .

Is it not correct???



--- On Sun, 25/5/08, mahathir of bd <wouldbemahathirofbd@yahoo.com> wrote:
From: mahathir of bd <wouldbemahathirofbd@yahoo.com>
Subject: [chottala.com] A question to Bangladeshi economists and bussiness forums and supporters of CTG
To: tritiomatra@yahoogroups.com, chottala@yahoogroups.com, khabor@yahoogroups.com, dahuk@yahoogroups.com, notun_bangladesh@yahoogroups.com, vinnomot@yahoogroups.com, alochona@yahoogroups.com, diagnose@yahoogropus.com, odhora@yahoogroups.com, bristi_namai@yahoogroups.com
Cc: letters@newagebd.com, editor@prothom-alo.com, editor@thedailystar.net, jajadi@jaijaidin.com, chairman@acc.org.bd, commissioner1@acc.org.bd, commissioner2@acc.org.bd
Date: Sunday, 25 May, 2008, 8:59 AM

How much Bangladesh is loosing every day due to the inefficiency of  the inept Adviser's of CTG?
 
Is it less or more than they are accusing Hasina and Khaleda for the lossses?
 
  


অদক্ষ তত্ববধায়কদের জন্য দেশের প্রতিদিনের ক্ষতি কত কোটি টাকা?


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[chottala.com] HC and EC

HC and EC


The High Court Division of the Supreme Court said the Election Commission has violated the constitution by not holding the ninth parliamentary election within the mandatory timeframe of 90 days after the dissolution of the last parliament. As such, the CEC and other commissioners should resign.
   Gopal Sengupta
   Canada

Next on Quick Comments
a. 380 children still kept in jails flouting HC orders (New Age, May 25)

b. Soaring food prices make MDG attainment a pipe dream: Proportion of people living below poverty line may have crossed 50pc (New Age, May 25)

c. Social welfare students confine teachers at DU (New Age, May 25)

d. Myanmar votes across cyclone zone (New Age, May 25)


'Quick Comments', (01713-065-354, letters@newagebd.com, quickcomments@gmail.com ) seeks the readers' instant reaction ondifferent national and international issues. Comments should be brief, not exceeding 150 words. Submissions should mention 'Quick Comments' and will be subject to editing for quality and clarity..

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Re: [chottala.com] A question to Bangladeshi economists and bussiness forums and supporters of CTG

Yes.

It is very natural & very easy understandable matter to all people of Bangladesh that the 11 members advisors councils CTG politically administrate are not in all respect experienced persons. They are very raw hands very new face not political persons not efficient & not experienced persons to rule the country. It is also very known to every body of Bangladesh that the advisors of the elected president are the constitutionally legal Care Taker Government. 

It means that all political leaders of Bangladesh are infants & children. They (the politicians) have no idea to make the voter list, have no idea to conduct election so they have needed CTG for electing them as MP for Parliament to form the Government in Bangladesh to make rules of law rule the country.

Now the inefficient & non experienced advisors of this CTG are facing so many problems to select the agenda for talking & to make the plan correctly what they have to need to do. So the time of them is now passing for gathering the experienced & the efficiency for selecting the work to do correctly & are doing aimless nonsense talking dialogue with infant & child politicians it may have the aim to earn some idea & knowledge to create efficient  & mature politicians in the country to elect in the next election to make the good rules of law for the politicians to do lawful politics under the system of lawful democratic political party for the lawful democracy & to form the future government .

Is it not correct???

 

 



--- On Sun, 25/5/08, mahathir of bd <wouldbemahathirofbd@yahoo.com> wrote:

From: mahathir of bd <wouldbemahathirofbd@yahoo.com>
Subject: [chottala.com] A question to Bangladeshi economists and bussiness forums and supporters of CTG
To: tritiomatra@yahoogroups.com, chottala@yahoogroups.com, khabor@yahoogroups.com, dahuk@yahoogroups.com, notun_bangladesh@yahoogroups.com, vinnomot@yahoogroups.com, alochona@yahoogroups.com, diagnose@yahoogropus.com, odhora@yahoogroups.com, bristi_namai@yahoogroups.com
Cc: letters@newagebd.com, editor@prothom-alo.com, editor@thedailystar.net, jajadi@jaijaidin.com, chairman@acc.org.bd, commissioner1@acc.org.bd, commissioner2@acc.org.bd
Date: Sunday, 25 May, 2008, 8:59 AM

How much Bangladesh is loosing every day due to the inefficiency of  the inept Adviser's of CTG?
 
Is it less or more than they are accusing Hasina and Khaleda for the lossses?
 
  


অদক্ষ তত্ববধায়কদের জন্য দেশের প্রতিদিনের ক্ষতি কত কোটি টাকা?


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[chottala.com] The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760

 
cover

The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760

Richard M. Eaton

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
Berkeley · Los Angeles · London
© 1993
 
The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760
[From http://www.escholarship.org ]
   
    Acknowledgments
  collapse section Introduction
  Notes

  collapse section 1. Bengal under the Sultans
  collapse section 1. Before the Turkish Conquest
  Bengal in Prehistory
  Early Indo-Aryan Influence in Bengal
  The Rise of Early Medieval Hindu Culture
  The Diffusion of Bengali Hindu Civilization
  Notes
  collapse section 2. The Articulation of Political Authority
  Perso-Islamic Conceptions of Political Authority, Eleventh-Thirteenth Centuries
  A Province of the Delhi Sultanate, 1204–1342
  The Early Bengal Sultanate, 1342–ca. 1400
  The Rise of Raja Ganesh (ca. 1400–1421)
  Sultan Jalal al-Din Muhammad (1415–32) and His Political Ideology
  The Indigenization of Royal Authority, 1433–1538
  Summary
  Notes
  collapse section 3. Early Sufis of the Delta
  The Question of Sufis and Frontier Warfare
  Bengali Sufis and Hindu Thought
  Sufis of the Capital
  Notes
  collapse section 4. Economy, Society, and Culture
  The Political Economy of the Sultanate
  Ashrāf and Non-Ashrāf Society
  Hindu Society—Responses to the Conquest
  Hindu Religion—the Śiva-Śākta Complex
  Hindu Religion—the Vaishnava Complex
  Notes
  collapse section 5. Mass Conversion to Islam: Theories and Protagonists
  Four Conventional Theories of Islamization in India
  Theories of Islamization in Bengal
  The Appearance of a Bengali Muslim Peasantry
  Summary
  Notes

  collapse section 2. Bengal under the Mughals
  collapse section 6. The Rise of Mughal Power
  The Afghan Age, 1537–1612
  The Early Mughal Experience in Bengal, 1574–1610
  The Consolidation of Mughal Authority, 1610–1704
  Summary
  Notes
  collapse section 7. Mughal Culture and Its Diffusion
  The Political Basis of Mughal Culture in Bengal
  The Place of Bengal in Mughal Culture
  The Place of Islam in Mughal Culture
  The Administration of Mughal Law—the Villagers' View
  West Bengal: The Integration of Imperial Authority
  The Northern Frontier: Resistance to Imperial Authority
  East Bengal: Conquest and Culture Change
  Notes
  collapse section 8. Islam and the Agrarian Order in the East
  Riverine Changes and Economic Growth
  Charismatic Pioneers on the Agrarian Frontier
  The Religious Gentry in Bakarganj and Dhaka, 1650–1760
  Summary
  Notes
  collapse section 9. Mosque and Shrine in the Rural Landscape
  The Mughal State and the Agrarian Order
  The Rural Mosque in Bengali History
  The Growth of Mosques and Shrines in Rural Chittagong, 1666–1760
  The Rise of Chittagong's Religious Gentry
  The Religious Gentry of Sylhet
  Summary
  Notes
  collapse section 10. The Rooting of Islam in Bengal
  Inclusion
  Identification
  Displacement
  Literacy and Islamization
  Gender and Islamization
  Summary
  Notes
  collapse section 11. Conclusion
  Notes

    1. Mint Towns and Inscription Sites under Muslim Rulers, 1204–1760
    2. Principal Muslim Rulers of Bengal
  collapse section Select Bibliography
  collapse section Primary Sources
  Persian or Arabic
  Bengali or Sanskrit
  Chinese
  European
  Secondary Sources

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[chottala.com] CTG is totally naked now After the statement of the four oldest journalist s of the country

At the beginning , the  brother in law of  fakhruddi, the Foreign adviser Iftekhar said that  the media  and journalists are the parliament members of this CTG.

 What  a  susil  behaviour this CTG is doing with its parliament members!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 After the  statement of the four oldest journalist of the country, is there any cloth on the body of this CTG?

 

চার প্রবীণ সাংবাদিকের বিবৃতি

চার প্রবীণ সাংবাদিকের বিবৃতি

প্রকাশ্য-অপ্রকাশ্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ নিয়ে উদ্বেগ

চার প্রবীণ সাংবাদিক কে জি মুস্তফা, এবিএম মূসা, নির্মল সেন ও কামাল লোহানী এক বিবৃতিতে সা¤প্রতিককালে সব ধরনের গণমাধ্যমের উপর প্রকাশ্য ও অপ্রকাশ্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ আরোপ এবং সংবাদপত্র ও টেলিভিশনে কর্মরত সাংবাদিক এবং মফস্বল সংবাদদাতাদের হয়রানি ও হুমকি প্রদানে উদ্বেগ প্রকাশ করেছেন। তারা বর্তমান ক্ষমতাসীন সরকারকে সকল সংবাদ, মন্তব্য, প্রতিবেদন প্রকাশ ও স¤প্রচার জরুরি আইনের বিধি-নিষেধের আওতামুক্ত করার দাবি জানিয়েছেন। এই সকল বিধি-নিষেধ প্রত্যাহার ও হয়রানি বন্ধের দাবিতে সাংবাদিক সমাজ ও তাদের নেতৃবৃন্দকে শুধু মৌখিকভাবে সোচ্চার হওয়া নয়, সংগ্রামী ও সক্রিয় ভূমিকা নেয়ার আহ্বান জানান।

প্রসঙ্গত চার সাংবাদিক বলেন, 'একই সঙ্গে আমরা দেশের রাজনৈতিক নেতৃবৃন্দকে স্মরণ করিয়ে দিতে চাই, অতীতে গণতন্ত্র পুনরুদ্ধার, মানবাধিকার রক্ষা ও মতপ্রকাশের স্বাধীনতা নিশ্চিত করার জন্য বিভিন্ন সময় বিভিন্ন আন্দোলনে আমরা এক কাতারে শামিল হয়েছিলাম। অথচ আজকে তারা গণমাধ্যম ও সাংবাদিকদের দুর্দিনে একাত্মতা প্রকাশের ব্যাপারে নিশ্চুপ রয়েছেন। তাদের যারা একটি রাজনৈতিক সংলাপে অংশ নিচ্ছেন তাদের সাংবাদিকতার ও মতপ্রকাশের স্বাধীনতা ও সাংবাদিক হয়রানির বিষয়টি সেখানেই আলোচনা করার অনুরোধ জানাচ্ছি। অপরদিকে অপ্রীতিকর পরিস্থিতির শিকার সাংবাদিকদের আমাদের কাছে তাদের সকল তিক্ত অভিজ্ঞতার বিস্তারিত বিবরণ পাঠাতে বলছি।

চার প্রবীণ সাংবাদিক গত শুক্রবার জাতীয় প্রেসক্লাবে একটি বৈঠকে 'স্বাধীন গণমাধ্যমের জন্য আমরা চারজন' (ডব ঋড়ঁৎ ভড়ৎ ঋৎবব গবফরধ) নামে একটি ফোরাম গঠন করেন। বৈঠক শেষে সাংবাদিক চতুষ্টয় বলেন, 'ইতিমধ্যে আমাদের কাছে অনেক জাতীয় এবং আঞ্চলিক পত্রিকার সম্পাদক ও সাংবাদিক এবং টিভি সাংবাদিক ও মফস্বল সংবাদদাতারা সংবাদ প্রকাশ, প্রচার, প্রেরণ ও স¤প্রচারের ক্ষেত্রে কোন কোন মহল কর্তৃক হয়রানির দুঃসহ অভিজ্ঞতা চিঠি, টেলিফোন ও ই-মেইলের মাধ্যমে অবহিত করেছেন। সংবাদপত্র ও টিভি আলোচক এবং কলাম লেখকদের একটি অলিখিত কালো তালিকা তাদের জানিয়ে দেয়া হয়েছে বলে অভিযোগ করেছেন। এমতাবস্থায় অতীত দিনের মতো বর্তমান সঙ্কটময় পরিস্থিতি মোকাবিলার জন্য অগ্রণী ভূমিকা পালনের জন্য নিগৃহীত সাংবাদিকগণ আমাদের অনুরোধ জানিয়েছেন। তাদের এই অনুরোধের প্রেক্ষিতে আমরা বর্তমান সাংবাদিক নেতৃবৃন্দের ও সম্পাদকদের সঙ্গে আলোচনা করে অচিরেই স্বাধীন গণমাধ্যম আন্দোলনের কার্যকর কার্যসূচি ঘোষণা করবো।' বিজ্ঞপ্তি

http://www.manabzamin.net/lead-03.htm
 
 


অদক্ষ তত্ববধায়কদের জন্য দেশের প্রতিদিনের ক্ষতি কত কোটি টাকা?

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[chottala.com] Understanding the Bengal Muslims--Interpretative Essays

Understanding the Bengal Muslims: Interpretative Essays (Hardcover)

by Rafiuddin Ahmed (Editor)
"The volume will interest historians of South Asia, scholars of Islam and religion, political scientists, sociologists, anthropologists as well as lay readers." (jacket)

[Rafiuddin Ahmed is Professor of Asian Studies, Elmira College, Elmira, New York and Adjunct Professor of History, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.] 

 
 
Book Review by
Yoginder Sikand
 
The Muslims of Bengal, including the present-day state of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, form the single largest Muslim ethnic group in the world after the Arabs. This book, a collection of ten essays, seeks to provide a broad overview of the Bengali Muslim identity. Although each of the essays deals with a particular aspect of Islam in Bengal, they all seek to grapple with what, for many Bengali Muslims, has seemed an almost insoluble dilemma -- whether they are Bengalis first or Muslims, and how their ethnic loyalties can be reconciled with the demands of a faith that transcends national boundaries. Little is known about how the Bengal countryside, particularly the eastern part of the province, located far from the centers of Muslim political rule, emerged as the home to the largest number of Muslims in the South Asian sub-continent. Richard Eaton, in his brilliantly researched essay, explores the fascinating process of the Islamization of the people of eastern Bengal, a process that he believes began in the sixteenth century. He writes that conversion to Islam was actually discouraged by the Mughal governors of the province, but, despite this opposition, large masses of Bengalis turned Muslim. Relying on hagiographies of local Sufi saints and Mughal land records, he argues that the process of Islamization in Bengal must be seen as, above all, a result of the agrarian policy of the Mughals. Mughal governors, eager to augment their revenues from the land, provided rent-free land grants to both Hindus as well as Muslims to cut down the dense forests in the eastern parts of the province and bring them under settled cultivation. The Muslim pioneers in this region employed local, largely aboriginal tribal people, as cultivators on the new lands. After their deaths they began being revered as saints, being attributed with supernatural powers. Gradually, these aboriginal people were Islamized, a process that did not reject previously-held beliefs directly, but accommodated Islamic elements within pre-existing cosmologies. Hence, conversion to Islam in eastern Bengal, as indeed in many other parts of India, took the form of an extended process of cultural change over several generations, rather than a sudden and complete change in identity, beliefs and allegiances. Because of the nature of the process of Islamization in Bengal, the Bengali Muslims continue to share much in terms of world-views, beliefs and practices with non-Muslim Bengalis, a phenomenon which Ralph Nichols observes in his paper on Islam and Vaishnavism in rural Bengal. While many ulema and Muslim reformers see this shared tradition as a sign of incomplete conversion or as 'unlawful innovation' (bid'at), Nichols seems to suggest that it was actually through developing this shared tradition that Islam was able to make headway in Bengal in the first instance, successfully expressing itself in terms which the Bengali peasants would find understandable. Peter Bertocci examines, in his contribution, the way in which rural Bengali Muslims understand their faith in precisely these local terms, drawing close parallels between institutions and identities that both Bengali Muslims and Hindus construct their own social worlds.
    The local Bengali expression of Islam (a term I deliberately use in place of the more commonly used expression Bengali Islam) is not a static, unchanging phenomenon, however. From the eighteen century onwards, reformers and radicals have been active in Bengal, seeking to purge the Bengali form of Islam of what are seen as 'un-Islamic accretions', seeking to bring it in line with a shari'ah-centric scripturalist understanding of Islam. Muhammad Shah's paper looks at this process of reform in the context of the Khilafat movement in the early years of the twentieth century, arguing that one of the principal aims of the Bengali activists in the movement to protect the Ottoman Khilafat was to reform the Bengali Muslim tradition, bringing it closer to a shari'ah-centred understanding of Islam as defined by the reformist ulema. Yet, the Khilafatists were not alone in seeking to redefine the ways in which the Bengali Muslims understood their faith at this time. Sonia Amin, in her paper on Rokeya Sakhawat Hossein, the pioneer of Bengali Muslim women's education, and Shahadat Khan, in his article on the reformist and anti-colonial activist Kazi Abdul Wadud, show how a different agenda for the Bengali Muslims was also being articulated at this time, centred on issues of modern education, women's rights and inter-communal harmony. Despite the efforts of reformists, whether ulema or modern, western-educated Muslims, the Bengali Muslims have been unable, the book suggests, to comfortably reconcile their twin identities: as Bengalis, on the one hand, and as Muslims on the other. Joseph O'Connell discusses the ways in which Bengali Muslim self-identity has undergone radical shifts in the course of the previous century. Pitted against the Hindu 'upper' caste bhadralok, Bengali Muslims enthusiastically supported the cause for the separate Muslim state of Pakistan, stressing their religious identity over their ethnic identity. Yet, not long after the creation of Pakistan, a strong movement based on a sense of a separate Bengali identity, pitted against what was seen as the oppressive West Pakistani 'Other', emerged, galvanizing itself as a mass movement that ultimately succeeded in creating the basis of the new state of Bangladesh. O'Connell contends that torn apart as the Bangladeshis are between their Islamic and Bengali identities, a new understanding of national identity must be articulated, one based on humanism, not shunning religion altogether, but drawing inspiration from humanist strands in the various different religions that are practiced in the country. This calls for a redefinition of what it means to be a Bangladeshi Muslim today, seeking to express Islam in a manner that takes into account modern sensibilities on issues related to pluralism, democracy, human rights, and the rights of women and religious minorities. This is a point also made by Shelly Feldman in her paper on gender and Islam. The process may not be smooth, however. As Enayatur Rahim shows in his brilliantly argued piece on the Jama'at-i-Islami in Bangladesh, hostility to ethnic aspirations and local identities, and an unwillingness to reflect and redefine perspectives in the face of new situations on the part of influential Islamist groups in the country do not help make matters simpler for this task of developing new visions of religion. Overall, this book excels as an overview of the social history of the Bengal Muslims. The scant attention paid to the Muslims of West Bengal and the Bengali-speaking Muslims of Assam and Tripura, and the silence on the Tablighi Jama'at, easily the single largest Islamic movement in Bangladesh and on the contemporary Bengali ulama are, however, unfortunate. But, perhaps, that can be left for another book.

Understanding the Bengal Muslims--Interpretative Essays

Publisher: Oxford University Press, New Delhi
Year: 2001
Pages: 271
Price: Rs.595
ISBN: 019565520-6

Contents:

Introduction.

1. Who are the Bengal Muslims? Conversion and Islamization in Bengal/Richard M. Eaton.

2. Islam and Vaishnavism in the environment of rural Bengal/Ralph W. Nicholas.

3. Islam and the social construction of the Bangladesh countryside/Peter J. Bertocci.

4. The Bengal Muslims and the world of Islam: Pan-Islamic trends in colonial Bengal as reflected in the press/Mohammad Shah.

5. A Muslim voice in modern Bengali literature: Mir Mosharraf Hosain/Clinton B. Seely.

6. The changing world of Bengali Muslim women: the 'Dreams' and efforts of Rokeya Sakhawat Hossein/Sonia N. Amin.

7. Radicalism in Bengali Muslim thought: Kazi Abdul Wadud and the 'Religion of creativity'/Shahadat H. Khan. 8. The Bengali Muslims and the state: secularism or humanity for Bangladesh?/Joseph T. O'Connell.

9. Gender and Islam in Bangladesh: metaphor and myth/Shelley Feldman.

10. Bengali Muslims and Islamic fundamentalism: the Jama't-i-Islami in Bangladesh/Enayetur Rahim.

"Who are the Bengal Muslims? What are their social origins? How do they define their linguistic and regional identity? These questions are pertinent to an understanding of the contemporary debates, especially in Bangladesh, on what being a 'Muslim' and a 'Bengali' mean. The essays in this volume offer interesting insights into the social and cultural processes which contributed to the making of this community, the second largest Muslim ethnic population in the world after the Arabs.

"The eleven essays in this volume cover a number of topics which are particularly relevant to the ongoing debates in the region, such as conversion and Islamization in medieval Bengal, patterns of Orthodoxy and syncretism in Bengali Islam, humanism, secularism, and fundamentalism in Bengali Muslim society, the changing roles of Muslim women in a tradition-bound society, and the controversy regarding the Bengali Muslim identity. The essays retrace the roots of these debates and provide new insights into the issues and concerns of the Bengal Muslims today.

"The contributors include historians, social scientists, linguists, and generalists whose common concern is to produce an interdisciplinary and scholarly collection, offering fresh perspectives on the Bengal Muslims.

 Books by Rafiuddin Ahmed

History of the Baloch Regiment 1939-1956 by Rafiuddin Ahmed (Paperback - April 11, 2005)
Buy new: $35.67    8 Used & new from $29.28
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Understanding the Bengal Muslims: Interpretative Essays
Understanding the Bengal Muslims: Interpretative Essays by Rafiuddin Ahmed (Hardcover - Jul 26, 2001)
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3. 
Religion Identity and Politics: Essays on Bangladesh
Religion Identity and Politics: Essays on Bangladesh by Rafiuddin Ahmed (Paperback - Jan 1, 2002)
1 Used & new from $14.85
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India's Muslims: An Omnibus Comprising by Mushirul Hasan, Barbara Daly Metcalf, and Rafiuddin Ahmed (Hardcover - Feb 15, 2008)

India's Muslims : An Omnibus: Islamic Revival in British India Deoband, 1860-1900; The Bengal Muslims 1871-1906: A Quest for Identity; Legacy of a Divided Nation India's Muslims Since Independence/Barbara Daly Metcalf, Rafiuddin Ahmed and Mushirul Hasan. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2007, 1042 p., tables, $50. ISBN 0-19-569198-9.

5. 
The Bengal Muslims 1871-1906: A Quest for Identity (Oxford University South Asian Studies)
The Bengal Muslims 1871-1906: A Quest for Identity (Oxford University South Asian Studies) by Rafiuddin Ahmed (Paperback - Oct 10, 1996)

 

 

 


 
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