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Friday, December 31, 2010

[chottala.com] Remembering Hasina in 2010



Remembering Hasina in 2010
Abid Bahar
 
We hoped:
Hasina the PM will bring prosperity and no blodshed
But she brought disappoinment and the country in red 
True, Hasina is an anti democract
People will never forget!  
 
We remember:
There is no 10 taka rice in the market
People are fed with lies and Bangabandhu names, they get mad
True, Hasina is an anti democract
People will never forget!  
 
We remember:
People needed electricity, not the forgiven war crimes to be fed
Hasina borrows 1 billion for crocodiles in our portes to infest 
True, Hasina is an anti democract
People will never forget!  
 
We remember:
Hasina the Mujib daughter acting like a gangstar brat
India uses her as an anti Bangladesh warcraft
True, Hasina is an anti democract
People will never forget!  
 
We remember:
Hasina gave India our land, sea, rivers, people are mad
With Pronobda and her Singda she acts like a pusy cat
True, Hasina is an anti democract
People will never forget!  
 
We remember:
Hasina was elected digitally as a digital bat
Her slogan "pro-war,"herself a collaborator people say "give us liberty or give us death!"
True, Hasina is an anti democract
People will never forget!  
 
We remember: 
Hasina's vandal judges finds enemies and her President's beloved criminals in upbeat
People will remember her police brutality,remand and judges are in non discreet 
True, Hasina is an anti democrat
People will never forget  
 
We remember:
People are gradually haulting the BKSAL journey ahead
Bangladeshis suffer from fascist oppression, Indian killing and shedding blood red
True, the streets are with opposition injured and dead, Hasina is an anti democract
People say, "2010 is enough bad, stop the oppression and puppetiary or we will never forget!" 


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[chottala.com] ‘Bangladesh is not just a Bengali nation’



'Bangladesh is not just
a Bengali nation'


Willem van Schendel is a researcher working in the fields of history, anthropology and sociology of Asia. He teaches at the University of Amsterdam (chair in Modern Asian History) and at the International Institute of Social History and has authored a number of books on Bangladesh, including A History of Bangladesh, Global Blue: Indigo and Espionage in Colonial Bengal, The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia, The Chittagong Hill Tracts: Living in a Borderland and Gramin Bangladeshe Krishok Gotishilota. He spoke to Mubin S Khan during a recent visit to Dhaka


photo by AL-EMRUN GARJON
Why have you as an academic taken such a deep interest in South Asia, particularly Bangladesh, since a number of your books specifically deal with the country?

   These things are usually coincidences in a person's life. As a student I had a teacher who was a specialist on Asia, particularly Indonesia, and he was very inspiring. He made me interested in societies based on irrigated rice cultivation and the complexities of such societies.

   As a student we had an opportunity to spend six months in a country to do research and I decided to go to one of those countries. For a number of reasons I decided to go to Bangladesh and spent time doing field work in a village in Rangpur. I became fascinated with the place. I then decided to come back and do my PhD research. After that there was so much more I wanted to know about the country that I continued coming back.

   In an essay in 2001, you have written extensively about the crisis surrounding nationalism in Bangladesh and d ifferent narratives that are fighting with each other. Through what historical circumstances did these narratives emerge, specifically the two main narratives – that of Bangladeshi nationalism and Bengali nationalism – and where would you say they stand now in 2010?

   First of all, I have a particular point of view about nationalism which has to do with the history of the part of the world I myself come from, where nationalism has been a terrible force in the twentieth century. We all have in our families stories about the destructive force of nationalism. I have always been fascinated about the very positive idea about nation in Bangladesh, which I find worrying, because of how bad nationalism can be.

   The discussions and the manipulations of the nation by the different regimes are of particular interest. This whole discussion about whether it is a Bengali nation or a Bangladeshi nation is interesting, because it is a fairly young nation and it is very malleable, very easy to manipulate. Even at the level of party politics you can play with it for short term gain.

   I found this fascinating, yet worrying, because Bangladesh is not just a Bengali nation, it is a multilingual society, there are many non-Bengalis just as there are many non-Muslims. So, to talk about Bengali Muslims or Muslim Bengalis as the only identity is worrying because it spells trouble for the future.

   I don't think the discussion has changed very much in the intervening period. The rules of the game are still the same.

   In which case, how does a society build its identity without the adverse effects of nationalism?

   It is a problem. Any nation is artificial and it is over time that it becomes natural. Nations start as political projects by a group of intellectuals who then try to sell this project to the wider society, whether to the state or other classes. And Bangladesh is an example of a highly successful political project which started in the late 1940s and early 1950s. But it remained unstable, especially in the early 1970s. This state had suddenly fallen into people's lap after this terrible war, but what does it actually mean to talk about this nation? The fashion in the 1970s was trying to fill up this space that had suddenly been created. This instability is only to be expected in a new connection between nation and state.

   Do you see this narrative achieve any kind of stability?

   I think, by now, it has stabilised. In the early 1970's many people were elated to be in Bangladesh, instead of East Pakistan, but were very insecure towards the outside world. That has completely gone now. For the outside world, this is a stable national identity, though inside, there are still fights about what this means. The anxiety is gone.

   In Bangladesh, would you say that this anxiety has somewhat been transferred in relation to India, at least to a section of the population? How do you see Bangladesh-India relations as an outsider?

   This again resonates with my own personal history. I come from a small country, the Netherlands, which has always felt threatened by its big neighbours.

   It all has to do with the fact that in India people are not very often aware of the separate identity of Bangladesh. Sometimes, Indians talk about Bangladesh as if it is another Indian state. They are poorly informed about the sensitivities here. They do not realise that the Pakistan period here turned East Bengal into something very different from what it was in 1947 and that in 1971 there was no desire to return to India. The tension between Bangladesh and India is very understandable, although, I am always impressed by the fact that individually Indians and Bangladeshis have a very easy relationship.

   How far do you think the Pakistan narrative still impacts modern day Bangladesh?

   May be not so much the narrative as the institutional changes that took place after 1947. I think the modern Bangladesh state still looks a lot like the modern Pakistan state that was put in place in 1950's and 1960's. You could extrapolate this back to the colonial period, and you could say that this still very much resembles a colonial state. When you talk about things like democratic representation, which was never a part of the colonial state – Pakistan has had trouble with it and so has Bangladesh.

   In the 'nationalism' narratives in Bangladesh, the non-Bengali communities remain largely marginalised. Despite much academic attention to their predicament, the majority Bengali race appears largely unconcerned. Do you ever see the emergence of plural narrative in which their identity and concerns are represented properly?

   I am very worried about the future because I think it is a time bomb ticking away under Bangladesh. The awareness among Bengalis generally has increased enormously since I first started writing about it. Now there is a broad understanding of the problems, but they are not being resolved.

   For example the peace accord, the most important parts of which have not been implemented. There is political complexity that wasn't there before. A lot of time has been lost. There has been a lot of injustice done to them. They feel they are not being treated as full-fledged citizens.

   That is just the Chittagong Hill Tracts. But the other people who do not fit the dominant model of Bengalis and Muslims, have similar problems. If you are a non-Bengali Muslim you have a problem and if you are a non-Muslim Bengali you have a problem as well. All these people need to be given more space and that's not really happening. These problems do not go away if you ignore them, they become bigger.

   In terms of numbers, the minorities in Bangladesh are still very small. Do you see this becoming a bigger problem or do you see them become assimilated with the mainstream in the future?

   There are various scenarios that you can think of. One thing that is happening is that they are being pushed out to India like the Garos for example. The other scenario is them disappearing in the larger population, and you are right they are small in numbers, which should be a reason to be generous with them because it is cheap in a way. But one reason the CHT is so important in all of this is that it is not a small area.

   I don't see any future of Chakmas, Marmas, Garos, Tripuras, Khasis becoming Bengalis. Of course they will be fluent in Bengali, but that does not change their identities and self-awareness. The idea that the problem will resolve itself through assimilation is a myth.

   You take strong interest in borderlands. A recent report by Human Rights Watch documents the killing of 930 people at the hands of BSF since 2000. How far do you think, the haphazard, ahistorical and un-geographic nature of India-Bangladesh borders contributes to such violence?

   The border is a problem for Bangladesh because there are so many areas where you don't know where the border is. There are many parts where India and Bangladesh don't agree where the border is. This uncertainty about territory is something modern states cannot live with. Earlier, this was not much of a problem. Now you really have to know – this inch is mine, that inch is yours. If you don't know that, and both Bangladesh-India as well as Bangladesh-Burma doesn't have that, then you have this suspension – anything can happen at the border, it's hot and dangerous, and that of course impacts the rest of the society.



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[chottala.com] Bangladesh is a "People's Republic" not an "Islamic Republic ........"



Mr. Delwar Mojumder
 
Bangladesh is a "People's Republic" not an Islamic Republic like Pakistan
[more appropriately Izlamic Refubic of Fakistan run by vested interests and
feudal lords + Military Incorporated .... masquerading as Islam-lovers to deceive
the ordinary masses through  religio-jingoistic rhetoric ......]
 
Inspite of all it's shortcommings Bangladesh is a land of all of it's citizens that
includes Muslims, Hindus, Buddists, Christians, and various small ethnic groups
like the Santhals, Garos, Chakmas, Mormus etc many of whom have their
own belief systems and minor religions.
 
Religion wise, the majority of the people of this country belongs to Islamic Faith:
The Bangladeshi Muslims. in general,  adhere to the guidence of Holy Quran
and Sunnah in personal lives.
 
The Emmergence of Bangladesh is an explicit proof  that the concept:
"Muslims are a Nation" has failed the test of time.There are many other proofs
throughout the history of human civilization .....
 
Although, there are many attempts of turning the Hindus of Bangladesh (and
people belonging to other faiths) , into second class citizens of the country, for all
practical  purposes Bangladesh is a secular country run by socio-politically secular
laws and penal codes ......
 
The United States of America  is not a Christian country, although religion-wise
it is christian majority. By the same token, religious faith wise, Bangladesh is Muslim
majority but not an Islamic Republic and it will never be one ..... All attempts by
the so-called Islamic parties like Jamaate Islami , Khelafat Mojlish etc has failed
and wil be futile in future ....
 
These opportunists who try to fool the people of Bangladesh in the name
of Islam is bound to  fail: They can not fool all Bangladeshi for all times ...
 
Bangladesh is a secular country where "Freedom of Religion" is the key word.
Bangladesh is a People's Republic where all citizens (Muslims, Hindus, Christian,
Buddists etc.) has the constitutional gurranttee of equal rights.
 
The feudalistic land-lond system was pampered by the British as a part of their
devide and rule policy. As a matter of fact, the tyrrany of the Muslim landlords were
no different from that  of the Hindu landlords. The subjugation of peasantry by the 
landlords and upper classes still persists in Pakistan. Remember, just the recent
episode of Mokhtarn Bibi, which just exposed a small tip of the hidden icebergs.
 
It has happened, and it has happened in the Izlamic Refublic of Fakistan !!!!!!!
 
FYI, the Hunduva in India and Islam-passand politics are two sides of the
same shit (fecal matter).
 
Also, perhaps you know that Jamaate Islami of Pakistan has recently
signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the atheist Commonust
Party of China .....  basically Jamaat has admitted that Islam and atheism
can co-exist ...... a sheer flat face opportunism ...
 
Syed Aslam
 
  
On Thu, Dec 30, 2010 at 1:34 PM, Delwar Mazumder <delwar98@hotmail.com> wrote:
 

Wakeup Mr. Aslam other patriotic Bangladeshi,
 
Please read Mr. Guha's mail where he very clearly mentioned that Bangladesh is not a Muslim Country????? rather according to him, "some people living in the west/America talking in favor of turning Bangladesh into a Muslim country"? What a surprise!!! Mr. Goha does not consider Bangladesh as a Muslim Country where 90% of people are Muslim. You must understand the motive and master plan of these people agaisnt our belove country. If we do not wake-up now, our situation will be another Kashmir or we have to go back British period, when A Muslim could not walk infront of Hindu landlord.


To: syed.aslam3@gmail.com; khabor@yahoogroups.com; notun_bangladesh@yahoogroups.com; chottala@yahoogroups.com
From: sbguha@yahoo.com
Date: Wed, 29 Dec 2010 10:12:02 -0800
Subject: [KHABOR] Re: Profiles of martyred intellectuals (1971) .....

Happy New Year. Don't you know that they know all these? They are just trying to camouflage the history and that is their Goebbels propaganda, in which they are expert! Ultimately truth prevails, so don't waste your valuable time, they will never change! In everything, they will find an India theory, an American/Western fault! Did you notice that they don't talk against Fakistan!

 

They live in West/America, but talk in favor of turning Bangladesh into a Muslim country, although they will not go to Saudi or Iran to live. They talk in favor of Madrassa, but will not send their son there! Please don't try to lecture them, rather feel pity for them, because they don't know where they belong! They don't have any positive contribution towards civilization, history or mankind; or society. They are parasites living on others and condemning all good!




From: Syed_Aslam3 <syed.aslam3@gmail.com>
To: khabor@yahoogroups.com; notun Bangladesh <notun_bangladesh@yahoogroups.com>; chottala@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Tue, December 28, 2010 11:02:35 PM
Subject: Re: Profiles of martyred intellectuals (1971) .....







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[chottala.com] New Year's Greetings for EKTARA Productions [1 Attachment]

[Attachment(s) from EKTARA Productions included below]

Dear Community Members:

On behalf of the EKTARA Productions, we wish you all a wonderful and prosperous Happy New Year. May 2011 bring joy, peace and harmony to everyone.  May we prosper as a united community, free from all divisions.

The new year brings new excitement for EKTARA. Please stay tuned for regular updates from EKTARA on our upcoming musical production "Mohajoner Nao" based on the life story of our beloved "Baul Somrat" Shah Abdul Karim. This "Gitol Natok" will be staged in the Washington metro area in late summer 2011.

We look forward to your continued support.

Regards,

EKTARA Productions


Attachment(s) from EKTARA Productions

1 of 1 Photo(s)


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[chottala.com] Honorable Ambassador will be joining us as a chief guest for Pitha Utshob on January 8th Saturday 2011‏





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Thursday, December 30, 2010

[chottala.com] Mystery Behind Col Osmani Absence at the 1971 Surrender Ceremony



Mystery Behind Col Osmani's Absence at the 1971 Surrender Ceremony

Abid Bahar

General Osmani who in 191 was the Chief of Bangladesh forces surprisingly was absent at the Pakistan army's surrender ceremony in Dhaka. Under careful analysis it is now clear that it was a deliberately designed plan by the commanders of war who planned the ceremony. This seems to be due to the fact that the 1971 War meant many things to many parties involved in the war. To most Bangladesh though it was a triumph in the liberation struggle to free the motherland from Pakistani oppression but to India it was to bring another region of the subcontinent under its influence (of the execution of Nehru's Akhondo Bharot in the ever increasing number of inclusion of lands under Indian control)  Such inclusions in the past included Sikkim, Goa, Hydrabad, Kaskmir that already went through the phrase. MBI Munshi in his book calls the process as India's execution of its "India Doctrine."(1)  

Contrary to the Bangladesh plan, after the end of war when Bangladeshis in their delight wanted to see the Pakistani commender Niazi surrender to our commander Osmani, Osmani's halicopter was shot down and he was delayed to get to Dhaka from Sylhet. One unidentified source (2) reports about the incident:

"The helicopter was brought down in Fenchuganj. This area was cleared of Pakistanis, despite that the halicopter received ground fire as a result of which Lt.Col MA Rob received bullets wounds to his thigh and right hand, the choppers fuel tank was hit and when Osmani as a reflex tried to secure the leak with his hand, the hot oil injured him. He then used his own jacket to stop the leak.

"The rear ramp was open.The passenger wer sat on two benches on either side of the chopper, none had secured fastening. As the pilot took emergency measures unconcious Col MA Rob almost fell out of the copter, but was grabbed by Mustafa Allama.

"The helicopter crash landed into a field. Almost immediately an Indian Colonel in a jeep and two ambulances arrived on the scene. Unusually speedily.

"No investigations seemed to have been carried out by either the GoB or the Indians, both side conveniently have "forgotten" this "embarrassing" incidence.

"The clever Indians also experimented with a bit of friendly fire with their MiG-21s on BNS Padma and BNS Palash even when they clearly knew there were no Pakistani ships in Khulna on 10th December 1971, following which Artificer Ruhul Amin became Shaheed.

M. Azizur Rahman(3), an officer who worked with Osmani states: 

" It pains me to see that very few have written about Bongobir General M.A.G. Osmany. Even those who enjoy the fruits of General Osmany's role do not remember him.

"The name Colonel (later General) Osmany electrified all Bengali officers and former Pakistani troops, and invigorated the Bangladesh Liberation War's freedom fighters. Finding a Bengali officer who was in Rawalpindi but did not enjoy Colonel Osmany's hospitality was hard. For anyone in any form of distress, Colonel Osmany was always there. These days men like him are rare.

"He had all the attributes of a successful leader: discipline, honesty, integrity, punctuality, selflessness, and simplicity. He cared for those under his command, handled crises well, made the right decisions, and was dependable, patriotic, loyal and selfless. He had no political ambitions beyond serving his country to the best of his ability.

"On September 1, 1918, Bongobir M.A.G. Osmany was born in Dayamir of Sylhet district. He was educated in Assam and Sylhet and graduated from Aligarh Muslim University in India. Before completing his Masters, he was selected for the prestigious Indian Civil Service (ICS) cadre. Instead, he joined the British Indian army as a commissioned officer in 1940 after training with the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun.

"World War II had already begun when he arrived at the Burma front as a newly promoted major. After the Indian partition, he joined the Pakistani army, and then retired as a colonel on February 16, 1967. He entered politics in 1970 and was elected a Pakistan National Assembly member on Awami League's ticket.

"I first met Colonel Osmany on April 9, 1971.We were at Sylhet town on the southern end of Keens Bridge over the Surma river. A fierce battle was raging between Pakistan's army and my company group of the 2 East Bengal Regiment which consisted of EPR (now BDR) members, police, Ansars, and local civilians.

"Under cover of heavy mortar and machine-gun fire, the Pakistani army, with its infantry, attempted to cross the bridge and capture the Surma's southern bank. Every time, their assault failed. Both sides suffered heavy casualties. Pakistan air force's jet fighters were also closely supporting its army. Bodies of wounded and dead fighters littered the Surma river's banks.

"As a young captain with no battle experience, I tried to maintain the morale of my men by visiting the front-line troops. At one point, the enemy fired on my jeep, which fell into the river near Jalopar Mosque. No doubt, the Pakistan army possessed superior firepower and continued to pin us down.

"On the way to the front line, I positioned myself on the roof of a half-constructed building near the bridge. This roof provided a better view to overlook and command the on-going battle. Amidst the confusing and deafening sounds, a thick voice suddenly spoke behind me: "Young man, what's happening?" as if the situation warranted some explanation from me.

"I could never imagine that a visitor of small stature as Colonel Osmany (I had never seen him before) would have the guts and curiosity to be on the battlefield. He must have traveled a long way on foot to reach me. It was very dangerous. After a brief introduction, he quickly learned the battle situation and felt pity for my immature tactical disposition and inept handling.

"I was sent there, from my battalion headquarters at Teliapara eighty miles away, to capture Sylhet town. My officers and I had assumed it was abandoned, or thinly held by the withdrawing Pakistan army. Not having any operational intelligence, I fought fruitlessly against a formidable adversary only to be violently repulsed. They were heavily entrenched around Salutikor airport, and with freshly reinforced troops, counter-attacked my position. By then, I had lost the euphoria of capturing my home district from the Pakistani army and establishing a free zone.

"I had only negative answers to the queries of my commander-in-chief: replenishing the losses of arms and ammunitions, arranging burials, evacuation and medical support for the wounded, reinforcing manpower, communicating with headquarters, arranging to feed the troops, sustaining against the Pakistani onslaught, and preparing the next plan of action, if any. My earlier training at the School of Infantry and Tactics fell short of battle requirements.

"Finding me at a puzzling loss, the C-in-C rescued me. He advised me to reorganise, break contact with the enemy, and withdraw to a better defensive position (he suggested the next position) after burying the dead fighters and collecting the wounded. He further cautioned me to not allow the Pakistan army to pursue my troops.

"This plan was not easy to execute. Only one who has gone through a similar plight can understand my difficulty. Surprisingly, before departing, he praised my fighters for their bravery against a larger and superior force, and gave me a big hug of reassurance. In any case, we had executed the C-in-C's order to the best of our abilities.

"We met next time at Khowai hospital in an Indian border town. General Osmany had come to see me after I was wounded at the Sherpur battle, a ferry site on the Sylhet-Moulvibazar road. He must have been following the battle situations of all the fronts and heard of my condition. Upon seeing the deplorable condition of the overburdened hospital and my poor medical treatment, he took me in his helicopter to the GB hospital in Agartala for better treatment.

"These two small incidents are sufficient to understand what an excellent leader this soldier was. Yet, such incidents were not isolated occurrences but part of his daily activities.

"Since his death on February 16, 1984, Bongobir Osmany Smrity Parishad has ventured to keep alive the name of this great son of the soil. The parishad organises two exercises each year on the dates of General Osmany's birth and death. These exercises take the form of seminars/discussion forums. The venue was dubbed the Osmany Milonayoton, thanks to the kindness of the Ministry of Works. These two days the hall is reserved for functions organised by Bongobir Osmany Smrity Parishad.

"Apart from this hall dedication, does not this great man deserve more from his nation? Bongobir Osmany spent his life and donated all his possessions for his people's welfare. As per the army's existing practice, his bust photographs hang in the troops' recreation rooms of all infantry units, East Bengal regimental centres, and School of Infantry and Tactics. Why isn't this practice extended to all units of the army, or better yet, for the entire armed forces, since he commanded all services as the C-in-C?

"An officer can be a general but all generals are not good leaders. General Osmany was such a leader and we were lucky to have had him as our C-in-C during the Liberation War and then in independent Bangladesh. No wonder that within nine months he was able to organise, plan, and execute the liberation of Bangladesh from a state of total disarray. His illustrious life shall be an eternal guide to provide us with courage and direction during the turmoil. (ref:http://www.facebook.com/?ref=cue#!/photo.php?fbid=102604929765678&set=a.100551636637674.1137.100000485134709&pid=67279&id=100000485134709)

True, the 1971 war meant many things to many people.  A recent report by UNB shows " Indians have allegedly occupied 32 kilometers of Bangladesh land in border area...s of Bianibazar and Zakiganj upazilas of Sylhet district.

"Local administration and land settlement officials of the two upazilas and local people said the occupied land has been omitted from the survey list at India's instigation in order to keep those out of the land settlement survey which is being jointly conducted by Bangladesh and India in the border.
Indians occupy vast Bangladesh land in Sylhet border, (4)  UNBconnect, December 29, 2010.http://www.unbconnect.com/component/news/task-show/id-38072
Where is Hasina or "Khuko" Moni to defend our country and its territorial integrity? Surely they are finding enemies inside Bangladesh and finding friends outside!

Now going back to the original topic, the mystery behind Osmani not attending the ceremony? What if he was present representing Bangladesh? Was it going to be a show about Bangladesh as an independent party representing an independent country fought for its independence? Yes, India didn't want Bangladesh's glory. India's plan is all written in Hasina's second term in office. Is it then true to say that through independence Bangladesh has landed from the frying pan into the fire? It seems true what Bhasani said, "Bangladesh's  freedom struggle continues"(5) 

Endnotes:

1. MBI MUNSHI, India Doctrine

2.M. Azizur Rahman, http://www.facebook.com/?ref=cue#!/photo.php?fbid=102604929765678&set=a.100551636637674.1137.100000485134709&pid=67279&id=100000485134709

3. http://www.facebook.com/?ref=cue#!/photo.php?fbid=102604929765678&set=a.100551636637674.1137.100000485134709&pid=67279&id=100000485134709

4. Indians occupy vast Bangladesh land in Sylhet border,  UNBconnect, December 29, 2010.http://www.unbconnect.com/component/news/task-show/id-38072

5. Abid Bahar, Searching for Bhasani, Citizen of the world. 2010

 



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Tuesday, December 28, 2010

Re: [chottala.com] Dr Emajuddin Ahmed, the Plagiarist ????



True, plagiarism is a crime and if it is wilfully done, the perpetrators should be duly punished. But the daily Star, an Awami League newspaer shouldn't exaggerate the issue (as it always does) to make it look like it is exaggerated.
Abid Bahar

On Sun, Dec 26, 2010 at 11:37 PM, Syed_Aslam3 <Syed.Aslam3@gmail.com> wrote:
 

Dr. Emaiuddin Ahmed, Plagiarist ????

Read from the Link:
 
 
Wednesday, February 11, 2009

2 former VCs in plagiarism debate

Book on Liberation War edited by Emajuddin and Jasim Uddin a copy

Pinaki Roy

Two former vice-chancellors of Dhaka University and Jahangirnagar University, and a journalist allegedly plagiarised a research work about the contribution of women in the country's liberation war, and published a book titled 'Women in the Liberation War'.

Original researchers Rokeya Kabir, executive director of women's rights organisation Nari Pragati Sangha, and Mujib Mehedi, a researcher and a poet, alleged that Dr Emajuddin Ahmed, former vice-chancellor of Dhaka University, Dr Jasim Uddin, former vice-chancellor of Jahangirnagar University, and Mehedi Hassan Palash, a senior sub-editor of a vernacular daily the Inqilab, plagiarised their research work.

Both vice-chancellors are known as pro-BNP while Jasim Uddin also has the reputation of having considerable affection for Jamaat.

Jasim Uddin was also awarded the highest state honour for excellence, the Ekushey Padak, by the immediate past BNP-Jamaat-led alliance government in 2006, and Dr Emajuddin Ahmed got the award from a BNP government in 1992.

Comparing the two books, The Daily Star found that the plagiarisers not only copied the original research work, but also conveniently dropped sections of the history of liberation war from it.

The Institute for Environment and Development (IED), published the original research work in 2006 under the title 'Muktijuddho O Nari' [Women and the Liberation War] while Asia Publications published the plagiarised version on the occasion of the internationally prestigious annual Ekushey Book Fair in 2008.

The prices of both books were fixed at Tk 200.

The plagiarised version edited by Dr Emajuddin and Dr Jasim Uddin, and 'written' by Mehedi Hassan Palash, claims that the country's liberation was proclaimed on March 27, 1971, while the real history is that it was proclaimed on March 26, 1971, correctly mentioned in the original book.

The plagiarisers also never mention Bangabandhu when they refer to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the supreme leader of the liberation war.

It was also found that from page 28 to page 188 of the plagiarised book was copied from the original one, albeit just conveniently dropping some sections. Even the content lists of the two books are the same, while Dr Emajuddin wrote an introduction for the plagiarised version.

Contributions of eminent women citizens like late Dr Nilima Ibrahim and late Jahanara Imam are missing from the plagiarised book, but present in the original one.

In a written statement Nari Pragati Sangha officially said, Bangla Academy under its 'Muktijuddher Dalil O Itihas Bishoyok Grontho Prokash Prokolpo', a project for publishing books on the liberation war, commissioned the original work to the two original authors in 1999.

Later the manuscript was transferred to the Ministry of Liberation Wars Affairs after the Bangla Academy project was suspended.

The researchers finally had to seek the help of IED for publishing the book, as the liberation war ministry also could not publish it due to a lack of fund. IED published the original book in 2006.

When contacted, Dr Emajuddin Ahmed said Abbas Ali Mia, the project director of the liberation war ministry, hired him and Dr Jasimuddin as editors for a project for chronicling the history of liberation war during the BNP-Jamat-led alliance regime.

Abbas Ali gave them the manuscript of the plagiarised book to edit, but did not tell them that it was not actually written by Mehedi Hassan Palash, Emajuddin claimed.

"We published 12 volumes of the history of liberation war. But there was no fund for that specific book. Later I found that Asia Publications published the book, and came to know that Mehedi Hassan Palash was not the actual writer," Emajuddin told The Daily Star adding, "It should be investigated properly."

Emajuddin also wrote an introduction for the plagiarised book without knowing it was already published two years ago, according to his claim.

Mehedi Hassan Palash however said he was contracted by the ministry of liberation war in 2004, and finished 'his work' in 2005.

"They gave me the manuscript and instructed me to change some of its content, which I did and got paid for it. They were not supposed to publish my name," Mehedi added.

He also said it was Dr Emajuddin who gave the plagiarised manuscript to publisher Ismail Hossain Bakul of Asia Publications. Mehedi got Tk 25,000 from the ministry for 'his work', he said.

He also said he already told the publisher to pullout the book from the market.

"The original researchers also worked for money, and the government basically bought the research," he snapped.

"They should not be upset if the government don't publish their names, since it bought the work," he added.

One of the original authors informed The Daily Star late last night that Palash emailed him and apologised.

The original authors are scheduled to make the allegation public today through a news conference.

http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=75366

 

 







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[chottala.com] Re: Profiles of martyred intellectuals (1971) - Reply



 
Mr.Delwar Mazumder
 
How you know that Zahir Raihan was killed on January 18/20,1972 ?
Do you have some insider information to support this date?
 
This kind of distortion of date is essentially a part of Jamaat's
strategy to falsify the history of Bangladesh... ......
 
By all accounts,Zahir Raihan disappeared on December 30, 1971
while trying to locate his brother on a false tip from inside Mirpur
area which was basically populated by non-Bengali pro-Pakistanis,
the so-called Biharis. Apparently he got killed on this date.
 
All evidences points to the fact that,the noted intellectuals
were killed mainly in two stages:
(1) the first one was on 25-26 March 1971 the killings in the
Dhaka University campus was perpetrated by the Pak Army .....
(2) the second one was mainly during the first and second week
of December 1971.
This was the sole acts of Jamaat's Al-Bodor Bahini - a armed
militia comprised mainly of Islami Chattro Sangha Members with
the full knowledge and the decesion by the upper echelon of
Jamaate Islami.
Islami Chattro Sangha's hands were so much tainted with blood
of innocent people that when it re-surfaced in late nineteen seventies,
the name was changed to Sibir. 
Tell us why Jamaate Islami created the armed militia, the
Al-Bodor Bahini?
  
In   "Profiles of martyred intellectuals" the article from Daily Star
the following names (a parial list) of the martyred intellectuals are
presented:

(1) Zahir Raihan (2) Shahidullah Kaiser (3)Santosh Chandra Bhattacharyya

(4) Prof. Munier Choudhury (5) Mofazzal Haidar Chaudhury (6) Rashidul Hasan

(7) Anwar Pasha (8) Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta (9) Dr. MAM Faizul Mahi (10) Sirajul Haque Khan (11) Ghyasuddin Ahmed (12)Mohammad Fazle Rabbi    (13) Selina Parvin (14) Gobinda Chandra Dev. (15) Nizamuddin Ahmed   (16) Kaminikumar Ghosh (17) Meherunnesa (18) Syed Nazmul Haque are presented. Tell us, who among these martys at beginning supported the unity of Pakistan?

In 1971 98% of the Bangladeshis supported the Liberation of Bangladesh. A large section of the intellectuals did not leave the country during our War of Liberation,and outwardly tried to keep a low profile, but supported and when possible when possible helped and harbored the Muktijuddhas during 9 month period. Many of them paid the prices for this by giving their lives.

On Mon, Dec 27, 2010 at 2:11 PM, Delwar Mazumder <delwar98@hotmail.com> wrote:

Md. Delwar H. Mazumder
Graduate Student
New School University, New York



Mr. Aslam,
 
Can you tell me who were the real killers of intellectuals? Who killed Zahir Raihan in January 18/20, 1972, when Bangladesh was an independent country? Who killed other intellectuals who did not leave the country during our liberation war, stayed in Dhaka and many of them at the beginning supported the unity of Pakistan? For political differences we should not blame the innocent people and hide the real criminals.
 


To: khabor@yahoogroups.com;
Subject: [KHABOR] Profiles of martyred intellectuals (1971)




 
Profiles of martyred intellectuals
Zahir Raihan
Famous filmmaker and writer, born on 19 August 1935 in a village in Feni district. Zahir Raihan passed his Matriculation in 1950 from Amirabad High School and was the admitted to Dhaka College, from where he passed ISc examination. He obtained BA (Hons) in Bangla from the University of Dhaka.

In his early years, he was attracted by the communist movement. When the Communist Party was banned and the leaders of the party went underground, he worked as a messenger to carry letters and messages. He got the name Raihan from underground leaders and thus his original name Zahirullah was changed to Zahir Raihan.
In his student life, Zahir devoted himself to literature. His first book Surya Grahan, a collection of stories, was published in 1362 BS 1995. Other books written by him are Shesh Bikeler Meye, Hajar Bachhar Dhare, Arek Falgun, Baraf Gala Nadi and Ar Kata Din. He was one of the initiators in publishing the English weekly Express in 1970.
In 1952, Zahir went to Calcutta to learn photography and was admitted to Pramatesh Burua Memorial Photography School. He entered the film world in 1956. Kakhono Asheni, the first film directed by him, was released in 1961. Then came, one after another, Kajal, Kancher Deyal, Behula, Jiban Theke Neya, Anwara, Sangam and Bahana. Jiban Theke Neya depicted the autocratic rule of Pakistan and inspired the people to protest against the Pakistani rulers. He started making an English film Let There Be Light, which he could not finish. After 25 March 1971, he went to Calcutta and produced a documentary film Stop Genocide highlighting the massacre done by the Pakistani Army.
In December 1971, some members of the notorious Al-Badr took away Zahir's elder brother Shahidullah Kaiser, an eminent writer, from his residence at the University of Dhaka. Within days, on 30 December 1971, someone informed Zahir about an address, somewhere at Mirpur, where he might find his brother. Accordingly, Zahir left home to get his brother back. Alas, he never returned.
Shahidullah Kaiser
Journalist and novelist, born on 16 February 1927 in Mazupur village of Feni. His original name was Abu Nayeem Mohammad Shahidullah.

After completing Honours in economics from Presidency College in 1946, Shahidullah Kaiser enrolled for the Master of Arts in economics at Calcutta University, but could not sit for the final examination. As a student, he participated in various social, cultural and political movements. He was a member of the provincial Communist Party of East Pakistan and also played an important role in the Language Movement in 1952. As a consequence, he suffered imprisonment several times.
Shahidullah Kaiser started his career in journalism in 1949 with the weekly Ittefaq in Dhaka. In 1958, he was appointed associate editor of the Sangbad, and continued to work there until his death.
Shahidullah Kaiser was also a novelist of note. He came into the limelight with Sareng Bau (The Captain's Wife, 1962). Later, a film was made based on this book. His other novels include Sangshaptak (The Indomitable Soldiers, 1965), which was later made into a highly acclaimed television serial, Krishnachura Megh (Krishnachura Clouds), Timir Balay (The Circle of Darkness), Digante Phuler Agun (The Flaming Horizon), Samudra O Trisna (Sea and Thirst), Chandrabhaner Kanya (Chandrabhan's Daughter), Sangsaptak and the unfinished novel, Kabe Pohabe Bibhabari (When Will It Dawn). Shahidullah was the recipient of the Adamjee Literary Award (1962) and the Bangla Academy Award (1962). He was picked up by the Al-Badr on 14 December 1971 and never returned.
Santosh Chandra Bhattacharyya
A teacher and a scholar. Born on 30 August, 1915 in Nawabganj upazila of Dhaka district, Santosh Chandra Bhattacharyya graduated from Dhaka University in 1937 with Honours in History and obtained MA degree in 1938 from the same institution occupying first position in the first class in both the examinations.

He started his academic career as a lecturer in Jagannath College in 1939 and worked there until 1949, when he joined the History Department of Dhaka University as a Senior Lecturer. A scholar in Sanskrit literature and ancient history of Bengal and India, Bhattacharyya served Dhaka University as a devoted teacher and a scholar until his tragic death (14 December, 1971) in the hands of the cohorts of the Pakistan army.
Prof. Munier Choudhury
Born in 1925 at Manikganj, Dhaka. Hailed from Noakhali. Joined the department of Bangla as a lecturer in 1955, before that he was a part time teacher in the English department. He was an M.A. in English, but while he was interned at Dhaka Central Jail (1953-54) during the Language Movement he did his M. A. (first in first class) in Bangla.

He became Reader in 1962 and Professor in 1970 and the Dean of the faculty of arts in 1971.
After the army crackdown in the university area from which he luckily escaped like many, he moved to his parents' house, near Hatirpool. He became a totally dejected and broken man. Many of his student-like well-wishers requested him to come to the liberated areas. But unfortunately Munier Choudhury couldn't mentally adjust to the idea of fleeing from his beloved motherland. He preferred to stay back and surrendered to his 'fate'.
His notable literary works include Raktakta Prantar, Kabar, Dandakaranya, Mir Manash, Palashi Barrack o Annanya, Bangla Gadyariti.
He denounced the title 'Sitar- I- Imtiaz' awarded to him by the Pakistan government (1966) during the non-cooperation movement (1971).
The members of the Al-Badr picked him from his residence at Hatirpul and subsequently killed him at the dawn of our liberation. His dead body could not be identified.
Mofazzal Haidar Chaudhury
Mofazzal Haidar Chaudhury, born in Noakhali in 1926, joined the department of Bangla of Dhaka University in 1955. He studied at London University for a couple of years in linguistics. He was awarded 'Sahitya Bharati' by the Viswa Bharati University, Santiniketan. He became Reader in Bengali in 1970. His famous writings include Bangla Banan o Lipi Sanskar, Rabi Parikrama, Colloquial Bengali, Bhasa o Sanskriti, Sahityer Nava Rupayan etc.

He was picked up and killed by the Al-Badr on December 14, 1971.
Rashidul Hasan
Rashidul Hasan, born in 1932 in Bhirbhum district of West Bengal, migrated to this part of the subcontinent then under Pakistani rule in 1949. He obtained BA(Hons.) and MA in English from DU in 1957 and 1958 respectively. He taught at various colleges including Narsingdi, Pabna Edward College and Krishna Chandra College of Bhirbhum in West Bengal. Finally, he joined the English Department, DU, as a lecturer in 1967.

He was a liberal democrat and a life long fighter against fundamentalism and communalism.
A close friend of Anwar Pasha, Rashidul Hasan was picked up together with his friend Anwar from the same flat within the DU campus. The two families were then living together in a flat in Isa Khan Road area.
Anwar Pasha
Born on 15 April 1928 at Dabkai village in Murshidabad, India. After passing the High Madrassah examination in 1946, Anwar Pasha went on to do his BA and then his MA in Bangla from Calcutta University in 1953. He started his teaching career as superintendent of Manikchak High Madrasah and later on taught at Bhabta Azizia High Madrasah (1954) and Sadikhan Diar Bohumukhi Higher Secondary School (1957). In 1958 he joined Pabna Edward College and then, in 1966, the Department of Bangla, Dhaka University.

Anwar Pasha made his debut as a writer with Hasnahena, a collection of literary essays. During the next two decades, he published novels, essays, poems, and short stories. He also edited four ancient and medieval Bangla poems. His writings were published in many journals, including the quarterly Kabita, published from Kolkata and edited by Buddhadev Bose. His notable writings include Nadi Nihshesita Hale (1963), Nid Sandhani (1968), Nishuti Rater Gatha (1968), Nirupay Harini (1970), Rabindra Chhotagalpa Samiksa (Vol. I 1963, Vol. II 1973), Sahityashilpi Abul Fazal (1968).
Anwar Pasha was picked up from his university flat and brutally killed with other intellectuals. He was posthumously honoured with the Bangla Academy Award for his literary achievements.
Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta
DU teacher, killed by the Pakistani Army on the night of 25 March 1971. He was born in Mymensingh town on 10 July 1920. His father, Kumudchandra Guhathakurta, of Banaripara, Barisal, and his mother, Srimati Sumati, were school teachers. Guhathakurta matriculated from Mymensingh Zila School In 1936. He then studied at Presidency College in Kolkata for a year, but an attack of typhoid prevented him from taking the final examination. Later he took admission in Ananda Mohan College Mymensingh, and in 1939 passed IA. He took admission in Dhaka University and graduated with honours in English in 1942, standing first in the first class. His academic success earned him the Pope Memorial Gold Medal. The following year he completed his MA.

Guhathakurta taught in a number of colleges from 1944 to 1949, such as, AM College, Mymensingh, Gurudayal College, Kishoreganj, and Jagannath College, Dhaka. In 1949 he joined Dhaka University as lecturer in English. In 1963 he went to King's College, London University, on a British Council scholarship to do doctoral work on 'Classical Myths in the Plays of Swinburne, Bridges, Sturges, Moore and Eliot'. In 1967, Guhathakurta returned to Dhaka University and was promoted to Reader, a position he held till his death. A highly successful teacher, Guhathakurta instilled in his students a love for good literature and the humanist ideals that he cherished all his life. The Pakistan Army raided the Dhaka University campus on 25 March 1971, Guhathakurta's flat was broken into and he was shot. He succumbed to his wounds at the DMCH on March 30.
Dr. MAM Faizul Mahi
Born in 1939 at Feni, Dr. Faizul Mahi was known to his friends as a progressive personality. He was not vocal compared to many of his colleagues in the university but very much dedicated to the cause of war of liberation that was going on from March to December, helping the freedom fighters from within keeping a low profile, a very difficult job indeed. But he could not keep secret his real identity from the watchful eyes of the collaborators some of whom happend to be his colleagues within IER.

Mahi joined the Institute of Education and Research in 1968 after obtaining Ed. D (doctorate in education) and then soon became Senior Lecturer. He was a dedicated teacher.
The beastly Al Badr group picked him up on 14 December from his home.
Sirajul Haque Khan
Dr. Sirajul Haque Khan was born in 1924 in the district of Noakhali. He graduated in Education in 1949 and then he obtained M. Ed degree from IER, DU, in 1965. Later on he obtained Ed. D from the State College of Colorado, USA in 1967 after which he joined IER, DU as a senior lecturer.

A group of Al -Badr members took him forcibly in a bus in the morning of 14 December, 1971 to an unknown destination from where he never returned to his beloved family. The brutal collaborators killed him.
Ghyasuddin Ahmed
Ghyasuddin Ahmed was born in Narsingdi in 1935. He passed matriculation from St. Gregory High School, Dhaka in 1950 and I.A. from Notre Dame College in 1952. He passed B.A. (Hons) and M.A. in History from Dhaka University in 1957. He joined Jagannath College in the History department as lecturer and later joined Dhaka University in 1958. He went to the UK with Commonwealth Scholarship in 1964 and obtained Honours degree in World History from London School of Economics.

Accused of helping in the liberation war of Bangladesh he was taken to Dhaka Cantonment for questioning. He was released after a few days. Then again on 14 December 1971 he was picked up from Mohsin Hall by the Al Badar forces. On 4 January 1972 his clothes and mutilated body were identified in Mirpur area.
Mohammad Fazle Rabbi
Dr. Mohammad Fazle Rabbi was born in Pabna in 1932. He was a brilliant student from childhood. He passed matriculation from Pabna Zilla School in 1948 and I.Sc from Dhaka College in 1950. He was an activist during the Language Movement in 1952. He passed MBBS from Dhaka Medical College in 1955. He received gold medal for securing top position in MBBS examination. He joined Dhaka Medical College and Hospital as assistant surgeon in 1956. In 1959-60 he was promoted to the post of registrar in medicine. He obtained MRCP in cardiology from Edinborough in England and worked at various hospitals in that country to acquire experience. In 1962 he obtained MRCP in general medicine from England. He came back to the country in 1963 and joined Dhaka Medical College and Hospital as associate professor of medicine. In 1968 he worked as professor of medicine and professor of cardiology at the same time.

He was known as a progressive political personality and social worker. He was first to talk about the concept of people-oriented health care system in 1969. Besides teaching he used to do research also. His research-based articles have been published in British Medical Journal and Lancet. He had started to write a book on medicine but could not finish it.
Dr. Fazle Rabbi married in 1957. He became a proud father of a son and a daughter. Regarding his death his wife Dr. Jahanara Rabbi has to say the following:
On 15 December the curfew was relaxed for two hours. Despite his wife's objection he had gone to see a non-Bengali patient in the old part of Dhaka. He had bought plenty of vegetables on his way back. Though his wife requested him repeatedly to move out from the house at 75, Shiddeshwari, he did not agree. On that fateful day he took some rest after lunch. In the afternoon, members of Pakistan army, Al Badar and Rajakars circled his house. They came in a microbus and a jeep. About six soldiers took him towards the jeep. As his wife came out running they pointed a gun at her and stopped her from advancing any farther. Dr. Rabbi walked towards the jeep with his head held high. It was known that on 15 December midnight Dr. Rabbi along with some other intellectuals were taken in a truck from the Lalmatia Physical Training Institute to the Rayerbazar brickfield and murdered in a brutal manner. His dead body was identified on 18 December.
Selina Parvin
Selina Parvin was born in Noakhali in 1931. She was a poet and a journalist. She had her primary education in Feni. She became an avid reader of Bengali literature. She took a job at weekly 'Lalana.' Then she started her own literary magazine 'Shilalipi.' She also began to write poems, short stories and essays. On 14 December 1971, she was murdered by Al Badar.

Gobinda Chandra Dev
Gobinda Chandra Dev was born in Sylhet in 1907. He was a philosopher and an educationist. He passed entrance examination in first division from Biani Bazar High English School in 1925 and I.A from Ripon College, Calcutta in 1927. He passed B.A honours and M.A in philosophy from Calcutta University in 1939. He was placed in the first class first position in both the examinations. He received Ph.D degree from the same university for his thesis on 'Reason, intuition and reality.' Later he got involved in research and worked as teacher in Calcutta and Dinajpur.

He joined Dhaka University as a professor of philosophy in 1953 and was later promoted as chairman of the department of philosophy in 1970. He taught in a college in Pensyvania, USA as a visiting professor. It was at this time that his admirers founded "The Gobinda Dev Foundation for World Brotherhood." On return to Dhaka he founded the Philosophy Bhaban in 1971.
Among his publications are: A new defence and a new application; Aspiration of the common man; The philosophy of Bibekananda and the future of man; Amar Jibon Darshan; Tattabidyashar; Buddha, the humanist.
A life-long bachelor, Dr. G.C. Dev was brutally murdered by the Pakistani forces on the night of 25 March 1971 in his campus quarters.
Nizamuddin Ahmed
Nizamuddin Ahmed was born in Munshiganj in 1929. He was a journalist. He passed B.A (Hons) and M.A in Economics from Dhaka University in 1959. Later he joined Pakistan Press International. He became the editor of PPI in 1969 and was promoted to the rank of general manager.

Nizamuddin Ahmed was an ardent supporter of the liberation war of Bangladesh. He used to send news items on the atrocities of the Pakistani forces to various foreign news media. He had taken New York Times journalist McBrown to a guerrilla camp to collect authentic news. He provided BBC with authentic news under strict censorship. For this reason he was taken to General Rao Forman Ali's office on two occasions.
On 12 December 1971, Nizamuddin was taking his lunch when members of Al Badar picked him up from his residence. His body was never found.
Kaminikumar Ghosh
Kaminikumar Ghosh was born in Chittagong in 1888. In Chittagong he was known as Rai Shaheb Kaminikumar Ghosh. He passed all examinations under the Calcutta University with scholarship. He served Chittagong District Board as member for 28 years and as its vice chairman for seven years. He was also actively involved with the local schools and colleges. He served as chairman of Kanchana Union Board for 25 years. He set up many cooperatives in Satkania. He also set up Satkania College and served as its first principal. He worked as a lawyer for 50 years.

On 25 April 1971, Pakistani soldiers brutally killed him.
Meherunnesa
Meherunnesa was born in 1946 in West Bengal, India. She migrated to the then East Pakistan with her family as refugee and settled in Mirpur, Dhaka. She worked in various newspapers as proofreader and wrote short stories and poems. Her first poem 'Chashi' was printed on Khelaghor page of the Daily Sangbad in 1952.

On 25 March 1971, she was killed by some non-Bengali people in Mirpur.
Syed Nazmul Haque
Syed Nazmul Haque was born in Khulna in 1941. He was a journalist. He passed B.A. (Hons) and M.A. in Political Science from Dhaka university in 1963 and 1964 respectively. He took active part in the anti-martial law movement in 1962. He was arrested for disrupting the convocation programme on the DU campus in 1964 where the then governor of East Pakistan Abdul Monem Khan was present. He passed the superior service examination in 1967 and was selected for the information service. But because of the police case against him for disrupting the convocation he was not allowed to join the service.

He later took up journalism as a fulltime profession. He became the chief reporter of Pakistan Press International and Dhaka correspondent of Columbia Broadcasting Service. He prepared a full report on the proceedings of Agartala Conspiracy Case. He sent news items on the atrocities carried out by the Pakistani forces during the liberation war of Bangladesh. On 6 August 1971 he was arrested in Dhaka and sent to a prison in West Pakistan. He was given pressure to testify against Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in a secret trial. On getting release in November 1971 he came back to Dhaka. On 11 December 1971, he was picked up from his Purana Paltan house by the members of Al Badar. His dead body was never found.
 http://www.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2006/december/december14th/intellectuals.htm
Related:
Martyred Intellectuals - Muktadhara
Photos of some martyred intellectuals. Click here for profiles of martyred
intellectuals OF 1971 ... List of people behind the killing of the intellectuals
: ...
 
Click here for profiles of martyred intellectuals OF 1971
 

========================================================

List of people behind the killing of the intellectuals: 

List of people behind the killing of the intellectuals: 
1. Major Gen Rao Forman Ali (Pakistan Army)
2.
Gholam Azam (Jamat-e-Islam)
3.
Motiur Rahman Nizami (Head, Jamat-e-Islam)
4. Maulana Mannan (Jamat-e-Islam)
5.Moinuddin Chowdhury (Jamat-e-Islam)
6.Khalek Majumdar (Jamat
-e-Islam)
7. Delwar Hossain Saidi (Jamat-e-Islam)
8.
CIA and ISI

Please visit the following pages for more details on these killers:

War Criminals | Razakars | Traitors |

 ================================================================

Nation observes Martyred Intellectuals' Day, Dhaka | Demotix.com

Dec 14, 2010 ... The nation is observing Martyred Intellectuals' Day on Monday, ... To leave a
comment and join the community, please create a user profile. ...
 
 





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