Banner Advertise

Sunday, May 13, 2012

Re: [chottala.com] The Nobel Prize, the Nobel Peace Prize and Controversy



What's ur point ? Younus is not worthy of Noble Peace prize as no contribution in basic 5 elements. Fine agreed.
Mother Teresa also no contribution in these basic 5 elements but didn't see any Indians degrading her.

Aso lay amra hingsute nation with very narrow mind. 

Sent from my iPad

On May 13, 2012, at 9:20 PM, "Engr. Shafiq Bhuiyan" <srbanunz@gmail.com> wrote:

 



The Nobel Prize, the Nobel Peace Prize and Controversy

 

The Nobel Prize:

The Nobel Prize is a prestigious international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden.

 

In 1901 the Nobel Prize was founded and funded by Mr. Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded in every year for significant achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and for Peace.

 

Since 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Mr. Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.

Each prize consists of a medal, personal diploma, and a cash award

 

Nobel Prize is given in these specific disciplines for important contribution in these particular field or subject.

 

There is prescribed guideline for selecting nominees for Nobel Prize. The Nobel Committee organizes a report of the selected nominees reflecting the advice of experts in the relevant fields only.

 

The Nobel Peace Prize (NPP):

Similarly there is some guideline for selecting nominees for Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) also.

Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to them (as per the excerpt from the will of Mr. Alfred Nobel) – those have done significant and vital contribution in 5 (equally weighted) following fields and interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be allocated as follows:

 

The person or an organisation who have done the most or the best work for:

 

1.    The fraternity (alliance) between nations

2.    The abolition of standing armies

3.    The reduction of standing armies

4.    For holding of peace congress and

5.    For promotion of peace congress

 

Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) has been awarded to an organisation or to a leading international peacekeeper for participation in peace movements and efforts. The Nobel Peace Prize has been also awarded for work in a wide range of fields including support of human rights, mediation of international conflicts and arms control.

 

But, unfortunately, it was not always been the case and controversy arises.

 

 

The Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) and Controversy:

 

There are many controversial recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize (NPP).

 

Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) controversies often reach beyond the academic community around them. Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) awards have been given to politically motivated and or premature person or not guided by the definition of what constitutes work for peace and guideline set by Mr. Alfred Nobel - for selecting nominees for Nobel Peace Prize.

 

Like notorious, Mr. Henry Kissinger, Mr. Yitzhak Rabin, Mr. Shimon Peres, Mr. Menachem Begin. All of them were both directly or indirectly involved in killing of many innocent Palestine people–children-women and other naive people in different part of the world. Their activity made unrest and conflict to that region and also in other part of the world too.

 

Mr. Menachem Begin was also previously been head of the militant Zionist group "Irgun", which is often regarded as a terrorist organization and had been responsible for the King David Hotel bombing in 1946.

 

Nobel Peace Prize was not awarded on 19 occasions: in 1914-1918, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1939, 1943, 1948, 1955-1956, 1966-1967 and 1972.

 

While very controversial people mentioned above have (or enjoyed) their Nobel Peace prizes, but one of the strongest symbols of non-violence peace movement in the 20th century, Mahatma K Gandhi was never awarded this NPP - though he was nominated for 5 times.

 

In addition, in the fields of science, great men such as Nicola Tesla and Thomas Edison were not awarded Nobel Prizes because of their hostility towards each other. If Tesla had won, the money would probably have prevented him from filing for bankruptcy in 1916, and the look of modern society may have been very dissimilar.

 

Recently also the Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) has caused controversy.

 

One reason is that many Nobel Peace (NP) laureates have been contemporary and heavily controversial political figure or actor.

 

Second cause is that - the Nobel Peace laureates - in some instances have directed public focus on special international or national political interest (like in Bangladesh in 2006-2007).

 

Many critics said that Dr. Mohammed Younus was awarded Nobel Peace Prize - by the influence of United States of America. Though he was an economist and his contribution was in economical field – but he was awarded for Nobel Peace Prize. But he (MY) had hardly any contribution to the basic 5 items for Nobel Peace Prize criteria - mentioned by Mr. Alfred Nobel in his excerpt.

 

The United States of America was among the first country to infuse the ideal of peace into practical politics. Peace and arbitration treaties have now been concluded between the United States of America and the governments of several countries.

 

USA always tries to make politically acceptable and possible and within the framework - a government administration favorable to USA government and administration.

 

On some occasions there has even been strong criticism against the Norwegian Nobel Committee itself and the way its members are selected. Many Nobel Peace Prizes raised questions (as mentioned above) which were subsequently criticized throughout the world!

 

One possible way to avert these controversies is to engage sincere international committee of scholars - rather than a committee of Norwegian political veterans by Nobel Committee and completely free from US interferences

 

 
 
 
"Sustha thakon, nirapade thakon ebong valo thakon"

Shuvechhante,

Engr. Shafiqur  Rahman Anu
Senior Network Engineer
Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
GSM:  +968 96391648, +968 920820548

srbanunz@gmail.com, shafiqurrahman@haya.com.om

N.B.: If any one is offended by content of this e-mail, please ignore & delete this e-mail. I also request you to inform me by an e- mail - to delete your name from my contact list.



__._,_.___


[* Moderator�s Note - CHOTTALA is a non-profit, non-religious, non-political and non-discriminatory organization.

* Disclaimer: Any posting to the CHOTTALA are the opinion of the author. Authors of the messages to the CHOTTALA are responsible for the accuracy of their information and the conformance of their material with applicable copyright and other laws. Many people will read your post, and it will be archived for a very long time. The act of posting to the CHOTTALA indicates the subscriber's agreement to accept the adjudications of the moderator]




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
Visit Your Group | Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use | Unsubscribe

__,_._,___

RE: [chottala.com] The Nobel Prize, the Nobel Peace Prize and Controversy





শক্তিমান তিন নেতা ও স্মৃতিময় ধানগড়া

ব ঙ্গ বী র কা দে র সি দ্দি কী বী র উ ত্ত ম
মে মাসের ৪, ৫ ও ৬ তারিখ ছিল বাংলাদেশের জন্য এক রাজনৈতিক সুনামি। ৪ তারিখ এলেন জাপানের উপ-প্রধানমন্ত্রী, ৫ তারিখ দুপুরে পরাশক্তিধর আমেরিকার পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী হিলারি ক্লিনটন, রাত ৯টায় ভারতের বর্ষীয়ান নেতা অর্থমন্ত্রী প্রণব মুখার্জি। সরকার এবং প্রধান বিরোধী দলের তত্পরতার শেষ ছিল না। জাপানের উপ-প্রধানমন্ত্রীর কথাবার্তা ছিল অর্থনীতির ওপর। অর্থনীতির জন্য রাজনৈতিক স্থিতিশীলতা অবশ্যম্ভাবী হলেও আগ বাড়িয়ে কোনো উপদেশ দেননি। তবে পদ্মা সেতুর অর্থায়ন নিয়ে কড়কড়ে সত্য বলেছেন। বলেছেন, বিশ্বব্যাংকের সঙ্গে সমস্যাটি আগে মিটিয়ে ফেলা উচিত। জাপানের একার পক্ষে পদ্মা সেতুর সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ যোগান সম্ভব নয়। আমরা কেন যেন বোঝেও বোঝার চেষ্টা করি না। ভিক্ষা করে কি রাজরাজড়ার মেজাজ দেখানো সম্ভব? একেবারেই না। হিলারি ক্লিনটন মনে হয় ২০-২২ ঘণ্টা ছিলেন। ভারতের অর্থমন্ত্রী প্রণব মুখার্জির আসার কথা চলছিল প্রায় দুই-তিন মাস থেকে। তাই হোটেল সোনারগাঁওয়ে তার থাকার ব্যবস্থা হয়েছিল বহু আগে। শুনেছিলাম এক বনে দুই বাঘ থাকে না। এবার দেখলাম এক হোটেলে দুই দেশের মন্ত্রীও থাকে না বা থাকতে পারে না। কেন যে পৃথিবীর মহাশক্তিধর রাষ্ট্রের পররাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রীর থাকার ব্যবস্থা হয়েছিল গুলশানের হোটেল ওয়েস্টিনে—ব্যাপারটি কোনোমতেই মিলছে না। ইদানীং তো কূটনৈতিক খেলায় গোল দিলেও জিত, গোল খেলেও জিত। তা না হলে সমুদ্র সীমা বিজয়ের বাহানায় বাংলাদেশ জয়ী হয়েছে বলে কত উত্সব হলো! অন্যদিকে যে মিয়ানমারের সঙ্গে বিরোধ তারাও আচ্ছা করে বিজয় দিবস পালন করল। যাক তবুও শান্তি সুস্থিতি বজায় থাকলেই হলো। তবে কূটনৈতিক দিক থেকে বাংলাদেশের মানুষ মনে করে আমেরিকা না আওয়ামী লীগ, না বিএনপির দিকে। কিন্তু ভারতে কংগ্রেস সরকার হলে চোখ-কান বুজে আওয়ামী লীগ। এইবারই প্রথম বর্ষীয়ান নেতা প্রণব মুখার্জি একটা প্রণিধানযোগ্য কথা বলেছেন। তা হলো কোনো দলের সঙ্গে নয়, ভারত চায় বাংলাদেশের সঙ্গে সুসম্পর্ক। তাই যদি হয় তাহলে ভারতে যাওয়ার জন্য যে ভিসার গজব সেটাকে তো একটু সহজ ও সুন্দর করতে হবে। সীমান্তে ফেলানীদের যখন তখন গুলি করে মারা যাবে না। তিস্তার পানির ন্যায্য হিস্যা দিতে হবে। সেই কবে ঘূর্ণিঝড় সিডরের সময় পাঁচ লাখ টন চাল দেয়ার কথা ছিল। এখন পর্যন্ত এক ছটাকও দেয়া হয়নি। প্রায় দেড় বছর হয় একশ' কোটি ডলার ঋণচুক্তি হয়েছে। তার এক টাকাও পাওয়া যায়নি। এরকম হলে তো কেউ কাউকে বিশ্বাস করবে না। বয়স তো আর কম হলো না। পাকিস্তান আমলেও রাস্তাঘাটে যতটা না ভারত বিদ্বেষ দেখা গেছে, বর্তমানে ভারতের প্রতি নতজানু সরকারের আমলে তার চেয়েও হাজার গুণ বেশি দেখা যাচ্ছে। কাকের মতো চোখ বন্ধ করে রাখলে কোনো সমাধান হবে না। চোখ-কান খুলে নিরাসক্তভাবে সবকিছু দেখে সমাধানের চেষ্টা করতে হবে। ইদানীং শোনা যাচ্ছে, ইলিয়াস আলীর গুম হওয়া তাও নাকি ভারতের কারসাজি। এই অঞ্চলের মানুষ যখন কোনো কিছু বলতে শুরু করে তা কিন্তু তারা শেষ পর্যন্ত বিশ্বাস করিয়ে ছাড়ে। আমাদের পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী ডা. দীপু মনি বিদেশি নাগরিক গওহর রিজভী ও ড. মশিউর রহমান এতদিন জোর দিয়ে বললেন, তিস্তা চুক্তি হবে, পানির ন্যায্য হিস্যা পাব। এবার তো দিল্লি পরিষ্কার করে বলে দিয়েছে, এ বিষয়ে পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সরকারের সঙ্গে কোনো অগ্রগতি না হলে তিস্তা চুক্তি সম্ভব না। আমাদের কী দুর্গতি। একটা স্বাধীন-সার্বভৌম দেশের পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী ভারতের পশ্চিমবঙ্গে গিয়ে এতিমের মতো বসে থেকে একটি রাজ্য সরকারের মুখ্যমন্ত্রীর সঙ্গে দেখা করতে পারেননি। সামান্য মর্যাদাবোধ থাকলে ওখান থেকেই তিনি পদত্যাগপত্র লিখে নিয়ে আসতেন। রাজস্থানের রাজপুত নারীদের সম্পর্কে শুনেছি, তাদের পুরুষরা কোথাও যুদ্ধে গিয়ে পরাজিত হলে শত্রুর হাতে পড়ে সম্ভ্রম হারাবেন আশঙ্কায় জহরব্রত পালন করে আত্মহত্যা করতেন। এই পৃথিবীতে এখনও অনেকে আছে, সম্মানের জন্য জীবন দেয়, আবার কেউ কেউ সামান্য লাভের জন্য সম্মান দেয়। যাক এখন আর মান-মর্যাদার কথা বলে কোনো লাভ নেই। তা না হলে কত তেল মর্দন করে, ফুলচন্দন দিয়ে মিসেস হিলারিকে বাংলাদেশে আনা হলো। সফর শেষ হতে না হতেই অর্থমন্ত্রী হাত-পা ছুড়ে কটমট করে যা বললেন, তা কিন্তু শাশ্বত বাঙালির কৃষ্টি-সভ্যতা নয়। আমাদের সভ্যতায় অতিথিকে কটুবাক্য প্রয়োগের নজির নেই, বরং অতিথির কটুবাক্য সহ্য করার বহু নজির আছে। নোবেল পাওয়ার জন্য ড. ইউনূসকে পছন্দ না হলে সেটা ভিন্ন কথা। কিন্তু তাই বলে জাতীয় ঐতিহ্য নষ্ট করতে হবে এটা কেমন কথা? অর্থমন্ত্রী বঙ্গবন্ধু নিহত হওয়ার সময় থেকেই সুবিধায় থাকতে থাকতে মনে হয় বেপরোয়া হয়ে গেছেন। তা না হলে একজন সম্মানিত বিদেশি অতিথি সম্পর্কে অমন বলতে অবশ্যই রুচিতে বাঁধতো। তিনি একক ব্যক্তি হিসেবে অমনটা করলেও গ্রহণযোগ্য হতো না। উপরন্তু রাষ্ট্রের প্রতিনিধি হিসেবে অমনটা করেছেন, তাই এ ব্যাপারে অবশ্যই তার জাতির সামনে জবাব দেয়া উচিত। এ ব্যাপারে দেশবাসীকে সোচ্চার হতে আহ্বান জানাচ্ছি। আমরা একটা চরম অস্বস্তিকর সময় অতিক্রম করছি। তাই সবার কাছে আশা করব, আমরা প্রত্যেকেই যদি নিজ নিজ দায়িত্ব পালনে সামান্য সচেষ্ট হই তাহলে জাতির এই ক্রান্তিকাল অবশ্যই দূর হতে বাধ্য।


Thanks.
 farid Hossain

 

From: farid2002hossain@hotmail.com
To: chottala@yahoogroups.com; abuilla@yahoo.com; abman1971@gmail.com; ahamed.ahmed@gmail.com; ahkhokon@gmail.com; akhtarudduza@gmail.com; alihabib23@yahoo.com; anjbose@hotmail.com; arafat@shuchinta.com; arafat@iub.edu.bd; arafat80@yahoo.com; arifahmed7march@gmail.com; awamileague@yahoogroups.com; bibhu54@yahoo.com; boseasoke@gmail.com; chowdhuryk@gmail.com; curzon70@yahoo.com; dasguptaajoy@hotmail.com; fatemolla@hotmail.com; fazlulbari@y7mail.com; gholam.mostofa@smec.com; gopalsengupta@aol.com; info@mohonatv.com; israfilmp@yahoo.com; jahir-7579@hotmail.com; mustafakamal69@yahoo.com; nickson@aldarinteriors.com; jalalabir@gmail.com; kaium91@yahoo.com; kamrul_k@hotmail.com; kamrulk@gmail.com; khabor@yahoogroups.com; khondkar.saleque@gmail.com; m.harun@bdcom.com; malam@clear.net.nz; manik061624@yahoo.com; manik195709@yahoo.com; milton.hasnat@newcastle.edu.au; mlmandal1@gmail.com; mohiuddinahmed1944@yahoo.com; mollaltf@gmail.com; mostofa.gholam@smec.com; mostofa@acebd.com; mozammelbabu@hotmail.com; mqjalil@yahoo.com; mohibur_rahim@yahoo.ca; nurannabi@aol.com; palak.newage@gmail.com; poplu@hotmail.com; poriprekkhit@yahoo.com; sabbir.rahman@gmail.com; salim-hazari@xtra.co.nz; salimhazari@yahoo.com; shahriar.alam@arafapparels.com; shuprava@hotmail.com; smrezaulk@yahoo.com; suvassingho@gmail.com; swadeshroy@gmail.com; syed.aslam3@gmail.com; think_tank_habib@yahoo.com; turkman@sbcglobal.net; uttam68bd@yahoo.com; veirsmill@yahoo.com; victory1971@gmail.com; yeamin.anis.email@gmail.com; yeamin24@yahoo.com
Subject: RE: [chottala.com] The Nobel Prize, the Nobel Peace Prize and Controversy
Date: Mon, 14 May 2012 05:25:55 +0000



রাজনীতি বটে!

এম এ নোমান
ভাই শোনেন! আপনি কি জানেন শিল্পমন্ত্রী দিলীপ বড়ুয়া কোন দলের নেতা? বুঝতে পারলাম, পাশের সিটে বসা মধ্যবয়সী লোকটি আমাকেই এ প্রশ্নটি করেছেন। দিলীপ বড়ুয়ার রাজনৈতিক পরিচয় সম্পর্কিত পাশের সিটের ভদ্র লোকের প্রশ্নের জবাব দেব কি দেব না, ভাবছিলাম। এটা ভাবতে ভাবতেই সামনের সিটে বসা টাকমাথার বুদ্ধিজীবী প্রকৃতির প্রবীণ লোকটি মাথা উঁচিয়ে বললেন—আরে ভাই তার দলের নাম হলো সাম্যবাদী দল। তিনি ওই দলের সাধারণ সম্পাদক। তার দলের যেমন কোনো সভাপতি নেই, তেমনি কোনো কর্মীও নেই। বলতে পারেন একদলের একনেতা তিনি। প্রশ্নকারী ভদ্রলোক কিছুক্ষণ চুপ থেকে বিজ্ঞের মতো দ্বিতীয় প্রশ্ন ছুঁড়ে দিয়ে বললেন, তিনি নাকি নোবেল বিজয়ী ড. ইউনূসকে জনমতের পরীক্ষা দেয়ার আহ্বান জানিয়েছেন? এই লোকটার কী কোনো কাণ্ডজ্ঞান নেই? পেছনের সিটে বসা পরিপাটি পোশাকের একজন নিজেকে স্থানীয় সরকার মন্ত্রণালয়ের প্রশাসনিক কর্মকর্তা হিসেবে পরিচয় দিয়ে বললেন—আরে ভাই শোনেন, এই মন্ত্রীকে ২০০১ সাল থেকে ২০০৬ পর্যন্ত গোটা ৫ বছর খুব কাছে থেকে দেখেছি। সরকারি ছুটির দিনগুলো ছাড়া প্রায় অধিকাংশ অফিস ডে'তেই আমি তাকে মন্ত্রণালয়ের তথ্য কর্মকর্তা বানিজুর রহমান সাহেবের কক্ষে বসে থাকতে দেখতাম। মাননীয় মন্ত্রী আবদুল মান্নান ভূঁইয়া বের হওয়া পর্যন্ত ওই কক্ষেই বসে থাকতেন। মন্ত্রীর কক্ষটির সামনেই ছিল তথ্য কর্মকর্তার কক্ষটি। মাননীয় মন্ত্রী মান্নান ভূঁইয়া স্যার বের হওয়ার সঙ্গে সঙ্গেই তিনি তার কাছে চলে যেতেন। এই দৃশ্য আমরা গোটা ৫ বছর ধরেই দেখেছি। ২০০৯ সালে দেখলাম তিনি নিজেই শিল্পমন্ত্রী হয়ে গেলেন। এ নিয়ে আমাদের গোটা মন্ত্রণালয়ে হাস্যরসের সৃষ্টি করেছে। ওই কর্মকর্তার এ বক্তব্য শেষ হতে যাচ্ছে দেখে সামনের সিটে বসা সেই বুদ্ধিজীবী প্রকৃতির লোকটি আবার বলে উঠলেন, ড. ইউনূসের কর্মকাণ্ডের বিষয়ে আমার ধারণা খুবই সীমিত। তবে শুনেছি তিনি নাকি পৃথিবীর ৭ম ভাগ্যবান ব্যক্তিত্ব, যিনি নোবেল পুরস্কারসহ বিশ্বের মূল্যবান তিনটি পুরস্কার অর্জন করতে সক্ষম হয়েছেন। তার পরিচিতি এখন বিশ্বব্যাপী। পত্রিকায় দেখলাম, তার গ্রামীণ ব্যাংকের কনসেপ্ট এখন বিশ্বের উন্নত দেশগুলোতেও চালু করা হচ্ছে। অনেক শিল্পোন্নত দেশও তার উদ্ভাবনী মডেল অনুসরণ করছে। উন্নয়নশীল দেশগুলোর প্রধানমন্ত্রী কিংবা রাষ্ট্রপতিরা যেখানে উন্নত দেশগুলোর রাষ্ট্রপ্রধানদের সঙ্গে ছবি তোলার জন্য আগ্রহ দেখান, সেখানে ড. ইউনূসের সঙ্গে ছবি তোলার জন্য উন্নত দেশগুলোর রাষ্ট্রপ্রধানরাও আগ্রহ দেখান। তিনি বলেন, 'শিল্পমন্ত্রী দিলীপ বড়ুয়া তার জীবনের সব অর্জন একত্র করলেও ড. ইউনূসের নখের সমানও হবেন না' বলে সর্বজন শ্রদ্ধেয় ব্যারিস্টার রফিক উল হক যে মন্তব্য করেছেন তা কম হয়ে গেছে।
ড. ইউনূস আর শিল্পমন্ত্রী দিলীপ বড়ুয়া সম্পর্কিত আলোচনায় বাসে রীতিমত একটি বিতর্ক চলছে। এমন সময় তিন সিট পরে বসা টাই পরা এক তরুণ দাঁড়িয়ে বললেন, ভাই আমি বলি আপনারা শোনেন, আমি জাপানের রাজধানী টোকিওতে একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে পড়াশোনা করছি। খুব কষ্ট লাগে আমাদের দেশের পরিস্থিতি দেখলে। গত বছর আমাদের প্রধানমন্ত্রী জাপান সফর করেছেন। বিশ্বের সর্বাধিক প্রচারিত দৈনিক পত্রিকা জাপানের 'আশাহি শিম্বুনে' প্রধানমন্ত্রীর সফর নিয়ে কোনো সংবাদ প্রচার হয়েছে বলে আমার চোখে পড়েনি। জাপানের আরেক প্রভাবশালী পত্রিকা জাপান টাইম্স-এ দ্বিতীয় পৃষ্ঠায় একটি ছোট সংবাদ হয়েছে দুই দেশের প্রধানমন্ত্রীর বৈঠক সম্পর্কে। জাপানের রাষ্ট্রীয় টেলিভিশনে দ্বিপাক্ষিক বৈঠকের একটি ছবি দেখানো হয়েছে মাত্র। মাননীয় প্রধানমন্ত্রীর এ সফরের কয়েকদিন পরেই ড. ইউনূস জাপান সফরে গেছেন। তাকে নিয়ে আশাহি শিম্বুন ও জাপান টাইম্স-এ বহু সংবাদ তো প্রকাশ হয়েছেই তার ওপর পত্রিকা দুটিসহ জাপানের প্রায় অধিকাংশ পত্রিকাতেই তাকে নিয়ে স্পেশাল এডিটোরিয়াল ছাপা হয়েছে। জাপান সরকার টোকিওর অদূরে সাইতামা ক্যানের একটি গ্রামে বাংলাদেশে গ্রামীণ ব্যাংকের ক্ষুদ্রঋণ কার্যক্রমের আদলে মাইক্রোক্রেডিট কার্যক্রম শুরু করেছে। যুবকটি আরও বললেন, জাপানের সম্রাট সাধারণত তার বাসভবনের বাইরে খুব একটা যান না। কিন্তু ওই মাইক্রোক্রেডিট কার্যক্রম উদ্বোধন করতে ড. ইউনূসের সঙ্গে সম্রাট নিজেও ওই গ্রামে গিয়েছেন। জাপানের এমন কোনো টিভি চ্যানেল কিংবা পত্র-পত্রিকা ও অনলাইন নিউজ এজেন্সি নেই যেখানে এ সংবাদটি গুরুত্বসহকারে ছাপা হয়নি। অথচ আমাদের দেশে এসে দেখি, ড. ইউনূসকে নিয়ে সরকার সব রাষ্ট্রযন্ত্র ব্যবহার করে ড. ইউনূসের বিরুদ্ধে লেগেছে।
লেখক : সাংবাদিক
nomansalimbd@yahoo.com

Thanks.
 
farid Hossain

 

To: abuilla@yahoo.com; abman1971@gmail.com; ahamed.ahmed@gmail.com; ahkhokon@gmail.com; akhtarudduza@gmail.com; alihabib23@yahoo.com; anjbose@hotmail.com; arafat@shuchinta.com; arafat@iub.edu.bd; arafat80@yahoo.com; arifahmed7march@gmail.com; awamileague@yahoogroups.com; bibhu54@yahoo.com; boseasoke@gmail.com; Chowdhuryk@gmail.com; curzon70@yahoo.com; dasguptaajoy@hotmail.com; fatemolla@hotmail.com; fazlulbari@y7mail.com; gholam.mostofa@smec.com; gopalsengupta@aol.com; info@mohonatv.com; israfilmp@yahoo.com; Jahir-7579@hotmail.com; mustafakamal69@yahoo.com; nickson@aldarinteriors.com; jalalabir@gmail.com; kaium91@yahoo.com; kamrul_k@hotmail.com; kamrulk@gmail.com; khabor@yahoogroups.com; khondkar.saleque@gmail.com; m.harun@bdcom.com; malam@clear.net.nz; manik061624@yahoo.com; manik195709@yahoo.com; milton.hasnat@newcastle.edu.au; mlmandal1@gmail.com; mohiuddinahmed1944@yahoo.com; mollaltf@gmail.com; Mostofa.Gholam@smec.com; mostofa@acebd.com; mozammelbabu@hotmail.com; mqjalil@yahoo.com; mohibur_rahim@yahoo.ca; nurannabi@aol.com; palak.newage@gmail.com; poplu@hotmail.com; poriprekkhit@yahoo.com; sabbir.rahman@gmail.com; salim-hazari@xtra.co.nz; salimhazari@yahoo.com; shahriar.alam@arafapparels.com; shuprava@hotmail.com; smrezaulk@yahoo.com; suvassingho@gmail.com; swadeshroy@gmail.com; syed.aslam3@gmail.com; think_tank_habib@yahoo.com; turkman@sbcglobal.net; uttam68bd@yahoo.com; veirsmill@yahoo.com; victory1971@gmail.com; yeamin.anis.email@gmail.com; yeamin24@yahoo.com
From: srbanunz@gmail.com
Date: Sun, 13 May 2012 19:20:17 +0400
Subject: [chottala.com] The Nobel Prize, the Nobel Peace Prize and Controversy

 


The Nobel Prize, the Nobel Peace Prize and Controversy

 

The Nobel Prize:

The Nobel Prize is a prestigious international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden.

 

In 1901 the Nobel Prize was founded and funded by Mr. Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded in every year for significant achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and for Peace.

 

Since 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Mr. Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize.

Each prize consists of a medal, personal diploma, and a cash award

 

Nobel Prize is given in these specific disciplines for important contribution in these particular field or subject.

 

There is prescribed guideline for selecting nominees for Nobel Prize. The Nobel Committee organizes a report of the selected nominees reflecting the advice of experts in the relevant fields only.

 

The Nobel Peace Prize (NPP):

Similarly there is some guideline for selecting nominees for Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) also.

Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to them (as per the excerpt from the will of Mr. Alfred Nobel) – those have done significant and vital contribution in 5 (equally weighted) following fields and interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be allocated as follows:

 

The person or an organisation who have done the most or the best work for:

 

1.    The fraternity (alliance) between nations

2.    The abolition of standing armies

3.    The reduction of standing armies

4.    For holding of peace congress and

5.    For promotion of peace congress

 

Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) has been awarded to an organisation or to a leading international peacekeeper for participation in peace movements and efforts. The Nobel Peace Prize has been also awarded for work in a wide range of fields including support of human rights, mediation of international conflicts and arms control.

 

But, unfortunately, it was not always been the case and controversy arises.

 

 

The Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) and Controversy:

 

There are many controversial recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize (NPP).

 

Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) controversies often reach beyond the academic community around them. Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) awards have been given to politically motivated and or premature person or not guided by the definition of what constitutes work for peace and guideline set by Mr. Alfred Nobel - for selecting nominees for Nobel Peace Prize.

 

Like notorious, Mr. Henry Kissinger, Mr. Yitzhak Rabin, Mr. Shimon Peres, Mr. Menachem Begin. All of them were both directly or indirectly involved in killing of many innocent Palestine people–children-women and other naive people in different part of the world. Their activity made unrest and conflict to that region and also in other part of the world too.

 

Mr. Menachem Begin was also previously been head of the militant Zionist group "Irgun", which is often regarded as a terrorist organization and had been responsible for the King David Hotel bombing in 1946.

 

Nobel Peace Prize was not awarded on 19 occasions: in 1914-1918, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1939, 1943, 1948, 1955-1956, 1966-1967 and 1972.

 

While very controversial people mentioned above have (or enjoyed) their Nobel Peace prizes, but one of the strongest symbols of non-violence peace movement in the 20th century, Mahatma K Gandhi was never awarded this NPP - though he was nominated for 5 times.

 

In addition, in the fields of science, great men such as Nicola Tesla and Thomas Edison were not awarded Nobel Prizes because of their hostility towards each other. If Tesla had won, the money would probably have prevented him from filing for bankruptcy in 1916, and the look of modern society may have been very dissimilar.

 

Recently also the Nobel Peace Prize (NPP) has caused controversy.

 

One reason is that many Nobel Peace (NP) laureates have been contemporary and heavily controversial political figure or actor.

 

Second cause is that - the Nobel Peace laureates - in some instances have directed public focus on special international or national political interest (like in Bangladesh in 2006-2007).

 

Many critics said that Dr. Mohammed Younus was awarded Nobel Peace Prize - by the influence of United States of America. Though he was an economist and his contribution was in economical field – but he was awarded for Nobel Peace Prize. But he (MY) had hardly any contribution to the basic 5 items for Nobel Peace Prize criteria - mentioned by Mr. Alfred Nobel in his excerpt.

 

The United States of America was among the first country to infuse the ideal of peace into practical politics. Peace and arbitration treaties have now been concluded between the United States of America and the governments of several countries.

 

USA always tries to make politically acceptable and possible and within the framework - a government administration favorable to USA government and administration.

 

On some occasions there has even been strong criticism against the Norwegian Nobel Committee itself and the way its members are selected. Many Nobel Peace Prizes raised questions (as mentioned above) which were subsequently criticized throughout the world!

 

One possible way to avert these controversies is to engage sincere international committee of scholars - rather than a committee of Norwegian political veterans by Nobel Committee and completely free from US interferences

 

 
 
 
"Sustha thakon, nirapade thakon ebong valo thakon"

Shuvechhante,

Engr. Shafiqur  Rahman Anu
Senior Network Engineer
Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
GSM:  +968 96391648, +968 920820548

srbanunz@gmail.com, shafiqurrahman@haya.com.om

N.B.: If any one is offended by content of this e-mail, please ignore & delete this e-mail. I also request you to inform me by an e- mail - to delete your name from my contact list.




__._,_.___


[* Moderator�s Note - CHOTTALA is a non-profit, non-religious, non-political and non-discriminatory organization.

* Disclaimer: Any posting to the CHOTTALA are the opinion of the author. Authors of the messages to the CHOTTALA are responsible for the accuracy of their information and the conformance of their material with applicable copyright and other laws. Many people will read your post, and it will be archived for a very long time. The act of posting to the CHOTTALA indicates the subscriber's agreement to accept the adjudications of the moderator]




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
Visit Your Group | Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use | Unsubscribe

__,_._,___

[chottala.com] Pen - A Poem by William Gomes




| by William Gomes
[ May 14, 2012, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka Guardian]

They want me to say what they want
They want me to write what they want
They want me to thought like them
They want to hold my PEN !

Who are they?
They are DOG
No, they are not
DOGS are faithful!
They are Elites!

Who are they?
They are liars!
They are slaves!
They don't want to be free
They are enemies of freedom

Who are they?
They call them intellectuals
They get awarded for telling lies
They get awarded for killings the truths

Who are they?
They are the elites
They are everywhere!
They are in, first page to last page
They are in RED and BLACK
They want to defame me
They want to kill me
They want to make me silent
I will not stop!
My PEN will not stop!
Even on my death!
My sprit will speak up!

Who I am?
I am PEN
I am an ordinary man
I am free!
I think freely!
I write freely!
I am free !
You will find out among the poorest
You will find me in struggle for peace
You will find me in struggle for truth
http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2012/05/pen-poem.html


--
William Nicholas Gomes
Journalist & Human Rights Activist
80/ B Bramon Chiron, Saydabad,
Dhaka-1203, Bangladesh.
Cell: +88 019 7 444 0 666
E-mail:
William [at] williamgomes.org,editorbd[at]gmail.com
Skype: William.gomes9
Face book:
www.facebook.com/williamnicholasgomes
Twitter:
twitter.com/williamgomes
Web site :www.williamgomes.org




__._,_.___


[* Moderator's Note - CHOTTALA is a non-profit, non-religious, non-political and non-discriminatory organization.

* Disclaimer: Any posting to the CHOTTALA are the opinion of the author. Authors of the messages to the CHOTTALA are responsible for the accuracy of their information and the conformance of their material with applicable copyright and other laws. Many people will read your post, and it will be archived for a very long time. The act of posting to the CHOTTALA indicates the subscriber's agreement to accept the adjudications of the moderator]




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
Visit Your Group | Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use | Unsubscribe

__,_._,___

Re: [chottala.com] Re: Chittagong: Professor Yunus Hometown



Though I do not speak of for every one in Chittagong and mentioned few as the previous author who seem to have toe BNP line...Yes If you talk about that thier are many mome names to be mentioned. In fact I find my self in trouble because I sang in J.E.M SEN Hall, I was with few others from Chittagong Sangeet Parishad. I was classified as anti Brit thank to Israeli allies in Bangladesh..not only that I got into trouble in taking part in 21 February Procession...I have mixed bag of thoughts on Subhash Bose and his followers...they were allies of hitler too..I was told by a friend with Regards to ABORTION...TWO WRONG DO NOT MAKE ONE RIGHT..though I disagree with my friend in that context..even at that as some where I recited and heard many did...EVIL THAT MAN DO LIVES AFTER THEM, GOOD IS OFTEN INTERED TO THEIR BONES..
 
Most of the institutions mentioned whose contributions author contributes tribute to FAZLUL KADER CHY, most of those were acheivements during Pakistan time as FAZLUL KADER CHY was gov of EAST PAKISTAN for one week, when MONAIM KHAN went to West Pakistan..
 
Here is story I grew up hearing as I am from FAZLUL KADER CONSTITUENCY..the irony is despite his that much contribution in Chittagong..he falied to win his own constituency of RAOZAN is election that was held just before the war..though his son ..have after Zia came to Power..Fazlul Kader and his subsequent decendent, when they come to campaign in Minority areas..and held meeting..They used to tell him, they will vote for him..he would reply...you guys are relly going to vote for me...in that case you guys do not need to show up in the election centre on the day of election ..just think i have gotten your vote..
 
Fazlul Kader as rumord to be during pre war election campaign...tried to assasinate Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. in Chittagong BUS SIGNAL area not far from where Zia gave his speach..trying to kill opponents during election cycle is not sign of tolerent politician...let the chip fall where ever it may..even at that he was always trouble maker to Sheikh Mujib young administration...he did die in Jail during Mujib administration...I think you will have to find brother Jallath for that..
 
I will be failing if I did not mention SALAUDDIN KADER and his allies also waged a war in Chittagong Hill Tracts...though their are both sides thier are other stories of their war time role..only if one knew what it is all about...
 
The thing is FAZLUL KADER represented MUSLIM LEAGUE , some thing that give even at that most of these institutions mentioned were during Pakistan time..most of those were budgeted in many Pakistan administraion..their sis a very dark side to MULIM LEAGUE politics...I guess Salaudin Kader knows few inside things..as he takes on TAGORE and all..the things is..he has been for a long time with TAGORE....
 
You might have to find how some of the institutions built were financed..thru..ask CHATTAGRAM DEVELOPMENT AUNTHORITY...CDA....

From: Sonia Jahan <sonia_jahan@rocketmail.com>
To: "chottala@yahoogroups.com" <chottala@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, May 8, 2012 2:02 AM
Subject: Re: [chottala.com] Re: Chittagong: Professor Yunus Hometown

 
Dear Gorba Sb.(Debasish Barua, Esq.),
 
Your email ID Gorba is a Chittagong Dialect of mehman or otithi.
But it appears that you are not gorba to our Chatgaong, rather familiar with
nook and corner of Chittagong.
 
However, before touching your comment, I must appreciate the scholarly
article of Mr. Abid Bahar on Chittagong focusing socio-cultural. economic
and historical background of Chittagong.
 
Indeed, you have mentioned about quite a few personalities who were eminent
in the political spectra during pre and post
Pakistan era.

Regrettably, you have not mentioned two illustrious sons of
Chittagong: one is Jatra Moham Sen (J.M. Sen) and another is A.K.M. Fazlul Quader Chowdhury.
 
Name of J.M. Sen is always remembered for his revolutionary role against British imperialism in the then undivided India.
Fazlul Quader Chowdhury also rose in political arena of the undivided India in the late forties of the last century when he was studying at Presidency College of Kolkatta became General Secretary of All India Muslim Students’ Federation in the year 1939. First, influenced by Netaji Suvash Bose and later came under banner of Muslim League in the freedom struggle against the British.   After Pakistan came into being with this eastern part of Bengal, Fazlul Quader Chowdhury became central minister of various port folios, Speaker of National Assembly and President in charge of the then Pakistan.
However, he is controversial for his pro Pakistani stand in 1971. It is unpleasant truth that none, even great statesmen, prophets of religion are not above controversies.
But in our perspective, we have to measure the role of illustrious sons of Chittagong whose contributions made tremendous advancement of Chittagong in intellectual, economic and cultural headway. Fazlul Quader’s contribution cannot be ignored.
His pivotal role in establishing Chittagong University, Chittagong Engineering College (presently CUET), Chittagong Medical School (now Chittagong Medical College), Polytechnic Institute, Chittagong Fisheries Harbour, Marine Academy should be remembered.
I am sure, my learned friend, should at least measure the difference past and present leaders fighting for the cause of people. In fine, I conclude with a remark of Chinese traveller, pilgrim Hiun Tsang who travelled India and bengal in 7th century: Chittagong is a sleeping beauty emerging out of misty water."
Let us yarn for rennaissance of Chittagong, let the Chittagongians rise again from dormant condition with all
potentialities.
Thanks, Sonia
 



From: gorba196138 <gorba196138@yahoo.com>
To: chottala@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, April 22, 2012 7:40 AM
Subject: [chottala.com] Re: Chittagong: Professor Yunus Hometown

 
Interesting Article

Chittagong History will be incomplete if we fail to mention, Chittagong is also the home of JAHOOR AHMED CHOWDHURY who resembled Justice B. A Siddique...Chittagong is also home of M.A. AZIZ who resembled the tailor/pir that used to live in one room tin shack as tenent of 23 Shah Amanat Road...M. R Siddique...M.A Mannan..resembled the street side vendor that use to sell iftar snacks again by 23 Shah Amanat Road...

Chittagong also once again prominence the night group of military lead by Major General Manjoor staged a coup a sent Zia's trancendecy to heavan..Only Majoor and few of his allies were executed...the true story of that coup will one day be told..Osmani the presidential choice of combined opposition..refused to plea for clemency of the executed of that failed coup...another potential candidate Dr Kamal & death penalty opponenets did try to stop the execution...

--- In chottala@yahoogroups.com, Abid Bahar <abid.bahar@...> wrote:
>
> Chittagong: Professor Yunus Hometown
>
> *Chittagong* (Bengali: চটà§�টà¦â€"�রাম, Chôţţogram) is the major seaport and
> second largest city of Bangladesh. It is located in the Chittagong District
> of Chittagong Division, in the southeastern portion of the country near
> Myanmar (Burma). The city was built on the banks of the Karnaphuli River,
> which ends nearby, in the Bay of Bengal. Chittagong has a population of
> over 6 million, and is continuing to grow. It is known as one of the
> cleanest cities of Bangladesh.
>
> The largest sea port in the country, Chittagong is the main route for
> almost all of Bangladesh's import and export, and generates a huge amount
> of revenue each year, attracting manyinvestors internationally. Its harbour
> also contains extensively developed port facilities, and is particularly
> suitable for ocean steamers.
>
> The city is Bangladesh's commercial and manufacturing centre, and home to
> the country's largest companies. The city has many factories. Notably, a
> large eco-park catering to ecologists and forestry-related genetic science
> has been opened recently in neighbouringSitakunda.
 
>
>
> *Contents*
>
> 1. People and culture
> 2. Topography
> 3. History
> 4. Economy and development
> 5. Administration
> 6. Main sights
> 7. Mosques and shrines
> 8. Transportation
>
> People and culture
> The people of the city are diverse and multi-ethnic, and the native Bengali
> and Tibeto-Burman populations have had significant influence from Arab,
> Afghan, and Mughal traders and settlers, all of whom had travelled in the
> city after arriving on its shores many hundreds of years ago. The
> descendents ofPortuguese settlers, known as the Firingi, also continue to
> live in Chittagong, as Catholic Christians, in the old Portuguese enclave
> of Paterghatta.
>
> Chittagong is also home to several of the most renowned universities of
> Bangladesh, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), the
> International Islamic University Chittagong, the Chittagong University,
> established in 1966, the Chittagong College being notable examples. It also
> contains many madrasas (Islamic educational centres) within its borders.
>
> Topography
> Chittagong is very different in terms of topography from the rest of
> Bangladesh, as the city is part of the hilly regions that branch off from
> the Himalayas. This eastern offshoot of the Himalayas, turning south and
> southeast, passes through Assam and Tripura, and enters Chittagong across
> the river. The range loses height as it approaches Chittagong City and
> breaks up into small hillocks scattered all over the town. This range
> appears again on the southern bank of the [Karnaphuli] River and extends
> from one end of Chittagong District to the other. Mt. Sitakunda is the
> highest peak in the district, with an altitude of 1152 feet above sea
> level. Nangarkhana to the north of Chittagong City is 289 feet high. In the
> town itself, there is a peak known as Batali Hill, which used to be 280
> feet high and was the highest point in the town. There was a light post at
> the top of Batali Hill for the guidance of vessels far away in the sea.
>
> Sunset in Chittagong
>
> The district of Chittagong possesses no natural lakes. As a result, several
> artificial lakes and ponds or dighis, as they are popularly known, are
> found all over the district. A large number of dighis, both big and small,
> were dug during the Muslim period. A popular explanation, perhaps rumour,
> given for the presence of such a large number of ponds is that during the
> Muslim period it was felt necessary to provide ponds for the use of the
> womenfolk of the town. Therefore almost every well-to-do house had a pond
> or a dighi. Among the big ponds of Chittagong, the most interesting and
> beautiful might be Laldighi, Kamal Daha's Dighi, Askar Khan's Dighi and
> Belowa Dighi. Many of these dighis have been filled up. Laldighi is still
> an important place. A boundary wall has protected the entire dighi. Most of
> the large public meetings in Chittagong are held in the field next to
> Laldighi. This field is known as the Laldighi Maidan. The Assam-Bengal
> Railway dug two artificial lakes (in 1920 and 1924) near the Pahartali
> Railway Station. These lakes served as reservoirs to supply water to the
> Railway.
>
> Foy's Lake, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
>
> *Foy's Lake* was dug in 1924 and was named after the Railway engineer Foy.
> It is beautiful, serene, blue, surrounded by lush, green hills, symbolizing
> Chittagong's eternal image, and has thus been the subject of an amusement
> park, headed by Concord, the makers of the world-class Fantasy Kingdom
> amusement park in Dhaka, and Bangladesh's largest construction company,
>
> Nature has favoured Chittagong city, like the entire district, with many
> natural springs. The sources of most of these springs are to be found in
> the hill ranges. The water from these springs is used for irrigation
> purposes as well as to supply drinking water. In the city proper there are
> a number of springs, which are bounded by concrete walls by the Municipal
> authorities and supply drinking water.
>
> History
> The city of Chittagong attracted the attention of the outside world from
> ancient and very early times. The Arabs knew its port in the 9th century
> AD, and settled and integrated into the culture. De Barros, the first of
> the Portuguese chroniclers of Asia, described Chittagong in 1552 as "the
> most famous and wealthy city of the kingdom of Bengal, by reason of its
> port at which meets the traffic of all that eastern region." The city was
> described by the famous Chinese traveler-poet, Huen Tsang (7th century AD)
> as "a sleeping beauty emerging from mists and water".
>
> The ancient history of Chittagong is not very clear. Burmese chronicles
> speak of a long line of kings over the region of Arakan, which included
> Chittagong, during the 6th and 7th century AD. Historian Lama Taranath
> mentions a Buddhist KingGopichandra who had his capital at Chittagong in
> the 10th century. Whatever might have been its early history, Chittagong's
> history becomes clear with the advent of the Muslims to the region.
>
> Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq divided Bengal into three administrative units -
> Lakhnauti, Satgaon and Sonargaon. In 1338 Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah captured
> power at Sonargaon and soon after occupied Chittagong. He constructed a
> highway from Chandpur to Chittagong and adorned Chittagong with mosques and
> tombs. In 1538 the Arakanese regained possession of Chittagong after the
> fall of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah at the hands of Sher Shah. The
> Mughals conquered Chittagong in 1666, gaining control of the region. During
> the period from 1538 to 1666 the Portuguese made inroads into Chittagong
> and virtually ruled the city. During these 128 years, Chittagong became the
> home ofPortuguese and Magh pirates.
>
> The re-occupation of Chittagong by the Mughals restored peace and order to
> the city. However, during the period of Portuguese occupation, Chittagong,
> and especially its port, acquired great fame as a major centre of business
> and trade. During the 18th and 19th centuries under British rule however,
> Chittagong lost its importance in the region, handing it over to Calcutta,
> which instead was developed as the virtual capital of the East India
> Company.
>
> In 1905, Chittagong once again came into prominence after the partition of
> Bengal and the creation of the new province between Eastern Bengal and
> Assam. Due to the construction of the Assam Bengal Railway, which connected
> the port of Chittagong with its natural hinterland, Chittagong as a whole
> received a great boost and much of the development of the city in the first
> quarter of the twentieth century can be attributed to this connection.
>
> The history of Chittagong shows repeated attempts by the local people to
> free themselves from the colonial rule of the British. In 1857, at the time
> of the Sepoy Revolt, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th companies of the 34th Bengal
> Infantry Regiment were stationed at Chittagong. On the night of 18 November
> 1857, the three above-named companies rose in rebellion and after releasing
> all the prisoners from jail, theSepoys left Chittagong carrying with them
> three government elephants, and much ammunition and treasure. They marched
> along the borders of Hill Tippera into Sylhet and Cachar. Unfortunately
> they were either all killed or captured by the Kuki scouts and the Sylhet
> Light Infantry, later known as the 10th Gurkha Rifles.
>
> Chittagong also contributed significantly to the liberation of India and
> Pakistan from British Rule. Among the Swadeshi revolutionary groups, one of
> the most active and famous was the Chittagong group led bySurya
> Sen(Masterda).
>
> Surya Sen, a teacher by profession, was the chief architect of anti-British
> movement in Chittagong . A resident of Noapara under Chittagong, he was
> initiated into revolutionary terrorist ideas in 1916 by one of his teachers
> while he was a student of BA Class in the Behrampore College. On his return
> to Chittagong in 1918, he became the President of the Chittagong branch of
> the Indian national congress, revived the terrorist organisation and became
> a teacher of the local National School. Hence, he was known as Mastarda
> (teacher brother).
>
> By 1923 Surya Sen established a number of pro-freedom militant
> organisations (Jugantar) in different parts of Chittagong district. Aware
> of the limited equipment and other resources of the terrorists, he was
> convinced of the need for secret guerilla warfare against the colonial
> government. One of his early successful undertakings was a broad day
> robbery at the treasury office of the Assam-Bengal Railway at Chittagong.
> His subsequent major success in the anti-British revolutionary violence was
> the Chittagong Armoury Raid in 1930.
>
> As a fugitive, Surya Sen was hiding at the house of Sabitri Devi, a widow,
> near Patiya. A police and military force under Captain Cameron surrounded
> the house on 13 June 1932.Cameron was shot dead while ascending the
> staircase and Surya Sen along with Pritilata Waddedar and Kalpana Dutta
> escaped to safety.
>
> Ultimately a villager revealed the hiding place of Surya Sen at Gahira
> village in Chittagong and in the early hours of 17 February 1933, a Gurkha
> contingent surrounded the hideout and a soldier seized Surya Sen while he
> was trying to break the cordon.
>
> Tarakeswar Dastidar, the new President of the Chittagong Branch Jugantar
> Party, made a preparation to rescue Surya Sen from the Chittagong Jail. But
> the plot was unearthed and consequently frustrated. Tarakeswar and Kalpana
> along with others were arrested. Special tribunals tried Surya Sen,
> Tarakeswar Dastidar, and Kalpana Datta in 1933.
>
> Sentenced to death in August 1933, Surya Sen was hanged in the Chittagong
> Jail on 8 January 1934. At the time of his execution the detainees kept up
> a continuous chorus of revolutionary songs. The villager, who had revealed
> the hiding place of Surya Sen to the Police, was murdered in broad-day
> light on 8 January 1934.
>
> During the Second World War, the British used Chittagong as an important
> military base. Consequently it became the target of Japanese attacks. The
> aerodrome at Patenga in the city was bombarded for two successive days in
> April 1942 and again on the 20th and 24th December 1942. As a result
> Chittagong was declared a non-family area and the head-quarters of the
> Divisional Commissioner was shifted to Comilla, and that of the Assam
> Bengal Railway to Dhaka. All valuable government documents were shifted
> toMymensingh.
>
> The World War transformed Chittagong from a sleepy little town to a place
> of great activity. The massive military presence of the allied forces,
> drawn mostly from Britain, Australia and America could be seen on the
> streets of Chittagong. Frequent air raids by the Japanese warplanes,
> blackouts at night, and the presence of refugees from areas occupied by the
> Japanese, all combined to transform city life. The War, though it helped
> some people to amass huge fortunes as military contractors, brought much
> misery in its wake for the people in general, as a result of the Great
> Famine of 1943. The famine, it is largely believed, was man-made, and was
> engineered by the British Government to force people to the army recruiting
> centres to give the Government much needed manpower.
>
> Chittagong once again emerged in the spotlight in 1971 when East Bengal
> Regiment revolted against Pakistan Army after arms shipment for non-bengali
> segment of the Pakistan army reached Chittagong port. This mutiny led to
> the declaration of the liberation war of 1971 from Chittagong Radio station
> at Kalurghat by Major Ziaur
> Rahman<http://www.muhammadyunus.org/w/index.php?title=Major_Ziaur_Rahman&action=edit>on
> 27th of March of that year. The incident eventually led to the birth
> of
> Bangladesh under the leadership of the Father of the Nation, Sheikh Mujibur
> Rahman. After the liberation of Bangladesh and the surrender of Pakistani
> troops, Chittagong needed a massive rehabilitation and reconstruction
> programme. This was carried out on a high priority basis, as the major
> outlet to the sea could not be allowed to remain out of commission for
> long. Within a couple of years after independence, Chittagong became
> generally very much operational, both as a city and as a port.
>
> Economy and development
> In 1947, the area of the town of Chittagong was only four and half square
> miles and was centred around the low and small hillocks which were found
> scattered all over the city. Dampara, Nasirabad, Katalganj, Kapashgola and
> Solokbahar bound the town on the north, the Karnafuli on the south, Chaktai
> nullah on the east and Madarbari, Pathantuli and Dewanhat on the west.
> Originally the town was confined within this limit. With rapid
> industrialisation and development the town soon grew into a city
> outstripping the old Municipality area. The city extended southwest up to
> Patenga where the Chittagong International Airport is now located. Its
> expansion to the west incorporated the villages of Halishahar, Askarabad
> and Agrabad. The government acquired the land of these villages to
> construct offices and commercial firms. To the north it extended up to
> Faujdarhat and the Chittagong Cantonment area and in the northeast up to
> Kalurghat.
>
> The Government of Pakistan under Ordinance No 51 established the Chittagong
> Development Authority (CDA) in 1959 as an autonomous body to cope with the
> expansion of the city and to help it to develop in a planned way. The
> principal responsibilities of CDA under this Ordinance are as follows: (i)
> to draw up a master plan for Chittagong and its adjoining area. This master
> plan is to be reviewed every five years; (ii) to design and execute
> short-term and long-term plans for the development and expansion of
> Chittagong City and (iii) to implement the East Bengal House Building Act
> of 1952. This includes the examination and approval of plans for
> construction of buildings in Chittagong.
>
> The CDA drew up a master plan dividing the entire city into several blocks.
> The area, which was earmarked for port development projects with provisions
> for office blocks of mercantile firms, was Sadarghat, Madarbari, Double
> Moorings and Halishahar. Government offices as well as residential quarters
> of officers and staffs were located in Agrabad. The railway authorities
> developed the western fringe of the low hill ranges up to Pahartali. For
> the development of industries the CDA earmarked different zones for
> different industries. These zones were mainly in Nasirabad, Panchlais,
> Fauzdarhat, Kalurghat and on a site near the Dhaka Trunk Road.
>
> By 1961 the CDA drew up a "Regional Plan" covering an area of 212 square
> miles and a "Master Plan" covering an area of 100 square miles. From the
> funds provided by the UNDP and UNCHS the following Master Plan was drawn up
> for Chittagong City during the years 1992 to 1996: (a) A structure plan for
> 1154 square kilometres of Chittagong city and the adjoining area, (b) Urban
> area Master Plan for Chittagong City, (c) Multi-Sectoral Investment Plan
> for the development of Chittagong City on a priority basis in a planned and
> balanced way, (d) Master Plan for drainage and flood-protection of
> Chittagong City, (e) Master Plan for easing the traffic congestion in
> Chittagong and for improvement of the traffic handling capacity of the city
> system, (f) Proposals for updating the laws and rules relating to City
> Development and plans for restructuring the administrative system ofCDA,
> and (g) Manpower development for better functioning of CDA and transfer of
> technology for future city planning and development.
>
> M.M. Ispahani, A.K. Khan & Co. Ltd, Habib Group, Sanowara Group and the PHP
> Group are all resident in Chittagong.
>
> Administration
> In 1994, the City had elected its First Elected Mayor, Alhaj A.B.M.
> Mohiuddin Chowdhury. He had been in charge for almost a decade, winning one
> re-election, un-opposed. During his tenure, he was able to proceed with
> various development projects despite lack of official funding from
> successive Central Governments. He had also suffered from lack of
> jurisdiction in terms of implementing development projects since all the
> projects undertaken by the City Corporation have to be permitted by the
> Ministry of Local Government in Dhaka (LGRD Ministry) (see paragraph on
> limited mandate above). His effort has turned the city into the cleanest
> and most planned cosmopolitan urban area of Bangladesh with wide roads,
> improved sewerage system, etc. Unlike other City Corporations of
> Bangladesh, Chittagong City Corporation is financially self sufficient and
> runs schools, colleges, madrasas (religious schools), mosque complex,
> hospitals, primary health care clinics, and most importantly, a private
> University, Premier University. The most notable achievement of Mohiuddin
> was, implementing his development projects without raising any tax. Many of
> his development projects have been vetoed by the government in Dhaka due to
> political disagreement with him. Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)
> candidate Mir Nasir Uddin challenged the incumbent mayor Mohiuddin
> Chowdhury in Chittagong City Corporation Election on9 May 2005 . Mr
> Mohiuddin won a landslide victory for a third term with an increased
> majority of over 90,000 votes, despite widespread allegation that the
> ruling party Candidate Mr Nasir Uddin had help from the Government in the
> run up to the election. A massive crowd of at least 20 thousand people kept
> the election control room besieged over night, to stop any attempt to steal
> their mandate to Mohiuddin.
>
> The administrative functions of Chittagong are carried out by a melange of
> organisations. The City Corporation of Chittagong is the only elected body.
> The Mayor and the Ward Commissioners are elected. The Chief Executive
> officer is a senior government official deputed by the government. There is
> no de jure focal point of control and coordination at the city level. The
> various agencies have respective lines of control, coordination, policy
> determination and finance terminating in various ministries in Dhaka. The
> Mayor being the seniormost elected official at the city level occasionally
> operates as a de facto centre of coordination on some operational matters.
>
> The City Corporation has a rather limited mandate and budget for carrying
> out the responsibilities of managing some basic civic services like
> street-lighting, conservancy, sewerage, city beautification, maintenance of
> city roads and mosquito eradication, etc. The City Corporation collects
> municipal taxes and conservancy charges, which provide the principal source
> of finance for the Corporation.
>
> Maintenance of Law and order in the city is the responsibility of the
> Metropolitan Police Commissioner and the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate. The
> Home Ministry performs the function of control and coordination of both
> these institutions.
>
> The office of the Deputy Commissioner maintains Land Records and collects
> Land Revenue. If land is to be acquired for any public use then it is the
> office of the Deputy Commissioner which carries out the procedural
> operations.
>
> The District and Sessions Judge is the head of the judicial administration
> at the City Level. Trials relating to serious public offences and all the
> civil offences are carried out in the court of the District and Sessions
> Judge. The Supreme Court controls and coordinates the functions of the
> District and Sessions Judge.
>
> The Power Development Board, The Titas Gas Co Ltd and the Oil companies are
> responsible for the supply of electricity, gas and fuel oil etc to the
> city, respectively. All these agencies come under the control and
> coordination of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
>
> Health services are mainly provided by hospitals run by the Health
> Ministry. The City Corporation has its own Health Services and hospitals
> which supplement the services provided by the government and the NGOs.
> There are a number of NGO-run clinics in addition to mushrooming private
> clinics, which are run on a commercial basis.
>
> Educational facilities in the city are substantially provided by the
> Ministry of Education, supplemented by the service provided by the City
> Corporation, NGOs, and the private sector. The Chittagong University, the
> Chittagong Medical College and the Chittagong Engineering College are
> almost totally funded by the government.
>
> Chittagong port falls within the limits of the city of Chittagong. Hence
> all the basic civic services of the port fall within the responsibility of
> the City Corporation and various other governmental agencies serving in the
> area.
>
> The Chittagong Development Authority (CDA), which consists of one Chairman
> and five Members (all are appointed by the government and may be either
> permanent government officials or non-officials), is primarily responsible
> for framing and implementing the Master Plan for city development. The CDA
> makes and implements plans for area development (ie commercial areas,
> residential areas and recreational areas etc) and city road development in
> accordance with the approved Master Plan for the city. The CDA is also
> responsible for enforcement of the city building code. No permanent
> structure can be built within the CDA area without prior approval of the
> plan by CDA. The CDA comes under the control and coordination of the
> Ministry of Works. The level of coordination with the City Corporation is
> more on an ad hoc basis and at an operational level.
>
> The Department of Fire Brigade and Civil Defence, controlled by the
> Ministry of Home, provides fire fighting and emergency rescue services
> within the city areas. The Telephone and Telecommunication Department
> controlled by the T&T Ministry provides telecommunication services. A
> number of private telephone companies are also serving the area.
>
> Main sights
> Most of the old and new buildings of the city are built on top of low hills
> and hillocks and also along the valleys and plains. The massive Court
> Buildings which accommodate the Civil Courts, Criminal Courts and the
> offices of the Divisional Commissioner (Recently shifted to Badsha Mia
> Road, Near Art College), Deputy Commissioner, and the District and Session
> Judges are on top of Fairy Hill. The top of this hill offers a panoramic
> view of the town below. The Karnafuli River up to its mouth and the Port
> area along its bank, the Deang and Banskhali Ranges to the south and the
> Hill Tracts to the east can be seen. All along the foothills are situated
> the General Post Office, the Municipal High School, New Market, and the
> Chittagong Development Authority Building. The General Hospital stands on
> top of the Rangmahal hill. The Telegraph Office, Divisional Forest Office,
> residences of the Divisional Commissioner and the Deputy Commissioner are
> situated on top of a hill range known as the Tempest Hills.
>
> Chittagong is the headquarters of the Eastern Zone of Bangladesh Railway.
> Established in 1891 as the Assam Bengal Railway, it later came to be known
> as Eastern Bengal Railway and then after 1947 as Pakistan Eastern Railway.
> The area from the Chittagong railway station up to Pahartali and the
> foothills through which the railway track runs to the north were developed
> by the railway authorities. This area is known as the Railway Colony and is
> one of the most attractive localities in the city. Beautiful bungalows were
> built on every vantage point on the hills. The Railway Club, the staff
> quarters, the General Office of the Railways, the Railway Hospital, the
> Pahartali workshop and other institutions are located in this area.
>
> The Chittagong Circuit house was built by the British in 1913 on a
> beautiful location in the city. Later it was turned into a palatial
> building and used as a temporary residential accommodation for visiting
> Government high officials. After the murder of PresidentZiaur Rahman on May
> 20, 1981 in room No 4 of the Circuit House, the Circuit House was converted
> into the Zia Smriti Jadughar (Zia Memorial Museum).
>
> The War Cemetery on Badshah Mia Road is another place of historic interest.
> It contains the graves of 755 soldiers of the Allied Forces died on the
> Indo-Burmese front during World War II. Most of the soldiers buried there
> were fromAustralia, Great Britain, Canada, East and West Africa, British
> India and New Zealand. The total area of the cemetery is eight acres and it
> is protected and maintained by the Commonwealth Graves Commission.
>
> A historic fort known as the Andar Killa stood on top of a mound in the
> city centre. Describing the fort, Shihabuddin Talish wrote, "In strength it
> rivals the rampart of Alexander and its towers (buruj) are high as the
> falk-ul-buruj." Today no trace of the fort remains except the name, as it
> was utterly destroyed by the Mughals. A shopping centre by the name of
> Andar Killa was once very popular but Reazuddin Bazar to the west of
> Kutchery hills and the New Market close by have robbed it of much of its
> importance.
>
> Another famous place for the wholesale and retail trade in the city is
> Chaktai. It is actually the old and abandoned bed of the river Karnafuli.
> Local merchants bring in their goods by boats and sampans through a canal
> that is known as the Chaktai Canal. Most of the offices of the wealthy
> businessmen, banks and insurance companies used to be located their and
> nearby Khatunganj-Amir Market Area. Agrabad is now the dominant commercial
> area in modern Chittagong.
>
> Chittagong's Wooden Mosque.
>
> Mosques and shrines
> The city has also continued to be an influential centre of Islamic
> ideology, theology, art, and architecture in Bengal, ever since Islam's
> introduction in the region over 1,200 years ago. Islamic centres and
> institutions of interest include theAnderkella Jameh Masjid, a beautiful
> and vast mosque predating to the Mughal period, the colourful and
> multi-domed Chandanpura Masjid , the 17th-century Shahi Jameh Masjid of
> Mughal origin, and the modern and magnificent Jamaat-ul-Falah Masjid, soon
> to be Bangladesh's largest mosque and Islamic centre.
>
> Chittagong is known as the land of saints, darwishes and fakirs. Several
> mosques and shrines bear testimony to their presence in the city.
>
> The most revered place in Chittagong is the *Dargah of Hazrat Bayazid
> Bostami*, a celebrated saint born in Bostam, Iran in 777. It is a popular
> belief that he visited Chittagong. Emperor Aurangzeb built a mosque on the
> bank of a big tank at the foot of the hillock on which the shrine stands.
> The tank contains several hundred tortoises and it is traditionally
> believed that the tortoises are the descendants of the evil spirits whose
> ancestors, having incurred the wrath of the great saint, were metamorphosed
> into tortoises.
>
> Hazrat Badar Aulia was a saint and preacher who is said to have spread
> Islam in Chittagong. However there is some controversy about the identity
> of the saint and he is known by different names in different regions of
> Bangladesh. Some of the names he is known by are Badar Alam, Badar Mokam,
> Badar Pir and Badar Aulia. According to tradition he drove away evil
> spirits by burning a lamp (chati) from which the place took the name of
> Chatigram. The hill on top of which the Chati was lit is called Cheragee
> Pahad, Hill of the Lamp. This hill is in the Jamal-Khan residential area of
> the city. The Chittagong City Corporation has recently built a beautiful
> dome upon this hill. The dargah of Hazrat Badar Aulia is situated at the
> Badarpati in Baxihat.
>
> The Dargah Sharif of Hazrat Shah Amanat (Quddus Serrahul Aziz) is one of
> the most renowned dargahs of Chittagong. It lies to the north of the
> Central Jail and to the east of Laldighi. Though the exact date of birth of
> Hazrat Shah Amanat is not known it is believed that he lived in the later
> part of the 18th and early part of the 19th century. Thousands visit his
> dargah everyday.
>
> Beside the above named dargahs there are numerous shrines scattered all
> over the city. Of these mention may be made of Chashma-i-Hazrat Shaikh
> Farid whose dargah is at Nasirabad near Solashahar Railway Station and of
> Hazrat Mollah Miskin situated on the eastern slope of the Madrasah hill on
> the College Road.
>
> The Madani Masjid in Love Lane is a very important and regular visiting
> place for many of the Muslims. As this mosque acts as "Markaz" or the
> central mosque for the non political movement called Tabligh Jamaat.
>
> Transportation
> Chittagong is connected with the rest of Bangladesh by road, rail, air and
> water. It is connected by air with Dhaka, Bangkok and Kolkata.
>
> In Bengal, Sher Shah apparently took the first significant step in long
> distance road-building in the first half of the sixteenth century. The
> Grand Trunk Road of Sher Shah ran down the Ganges Valley connecting Dhaka
> and Chittagong. This was the first major road link between these two cities
> of which there is clear record. Efforts at connecting Chittagong by road
> with central Bengal however, predate Sher Shah by about two centuries.
> There is evidence that Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, the independent ruler of
> Sonargaon, after his conquest of Chittagong, built a military road
> connecting Chittagong with Chandpur. However, when the British acquired
> Chittagong district in 1760, they inherited a very rudimentary road system
> - basically the old Trunk Road from Chittagong to Dhaka. In 1898-99 of the
> total length of 577 miles of road in the Chittagong district, just one mile
> was metalled, that being the Maheskhali Strand road along the port's
> waterfront. Since 1962 construction of roads received due attention of the
> government and an increase in the mileage of metal roads is evident. The
> principal roads run in the northeasterly and southeasterly directions from
> Chittagong.
>
> Till the twenties of the twentieth century only hackney carriages and
> bullock carts could be seen on the roads of Chittagong. Around this time
> motor vehicles, brought in by some zamindars and Europeans, could be seen
> in the town. Around 1924-25 taxicabs were first introduced between
> Chittagong and some nearby areas eg Hat Hazari, 12 miles from Chittagong
> and Nazirhat, 23 miles away. Taxis also used the Ramgarh Road, which ran
> northeast from the town to the border of the district. A few years later
> half-ton buses replaced the taxis. Rickshaws were first introduced in the
> city in 1947. The same year, a bus service in the town was introduced.
> Gradually this service was extended to include the greater city area. In
> 1962 auto-rickshaws came in to meet the demands of the growing town.
>
> At present, with the growth and development of a network of roads
> connecting Chittagong with other districts of Bangladesh much of the trade
> and traffic which used the waterways have been diverted to the roads and
> railways. Everyday hundreds of truck loaded with all kinds of commodities
> can now be seen plying the on roads.
>
> The necessity of connecting the Port of Chittagong to the tea gardens of
> Assam led to the construction of railways in Chittagong. The Assam Bengal
> Railway Company was formed in London in 1891 with a capital of £150,000.
> The railway line was built on the metre gauge of 3' 33/8". The first
> railway line connecting the Port toAssam was opened in 1895. Thereafter
> other lines were laid connecting the city and the district to the rest of
> Bangladesh. Chittagong Railway Station is situated near the Bipani Bitan,
> known also as the New Market, and Reazuddin Bazar. Besides the
> inter-district trains there are local trains connecting the city with
> Dohazari, Nazirhat and Chittagong University.
>
> The Chittagong Shah Amanat International Airport is situated on the bank of
> the river Karnafuli and is about eleven kilometres from the city centre.
> Most of the other districts of Bangladesh are connected to Chittagong by
> air. There is a good road connection between the city centre and the
> airport and passengers can reach it by car, bus and auto-rickshaw.
>
> Chittagong City is connected with the rest of Bangladesh by a network of
> coastal water routes. Coastal vessels carry most of the bulk cargo from
> Chittagong to other important trading centres in the country. Among the
> important items carried are fuel oil, cement, food grains and salt.
> Passenger service along the coastal route was never very popular and safe.
> At present there is practically no passenger service on this route. In
> Chittagong there are two launch and steamer terminals. They are known as
> Majhirghat and Sadarghat. Majhirghat is the older of the two. Though once
> traders and merchants used to come to this place with their boats and
> sampans loaded with cargoes, it is no longer a popular centre of trade.
> Sadarghat, which is situated near Majhirghat, is now the popular launch and
> steamer terminal of the city. Everyday launches and steamers leave and
> reach this terminal regularly with passengers and cargoes, to and from
> nearby islands like Sandwip, Kutubdia, and Maheshkhali.
>
> *Source:* This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation
> Licens<http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html>e.
> It uses material from the Wikipedia article
> Chittagong<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagong>
> .
>







__._,_.___


[* Moderator�s Note - CHOTTALA is a non-profit, non-religious, non-political and non-discriminatory organization.

* Disclaimer: Any posting to the CHOTTALA are the opinion of the author. Authors of the messages to the CHOTTALA are responsible for the accuracy of their information and the conformance of their material with applicable copyright and other laws. Many people will read your post, and it will be archived for a very long time. The act of posting to the CHOTTALA indicates the subscriber's agreement to accept the adjudications of the moderator]




Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional
Change settings via the Web (Yahoo! ID required)
Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest | Switch to Fully Featured
Visit Your Group | Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use | Unsubscribe

__,_._,___